/* * QEMU PC System Emulator * * Copyright (c) 2003-2004 Fabrice Bellard * * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: * * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in * all copies or substantial portions of the Software. * * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN * THE SOFTWARE. */ #include "vl.h" /* output Bochs bios info messages */ //#define DEBUG_BIOS #define BIOS_FILENAME "bios.bin" #define VGABIOS_FILENAME "vgabios.bin" #define VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME "vgabios-cirrus.bin" #define LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME "linux_boot.bin" #define KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0x00100000 #define INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0x00600000 #define KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR 0x00090000 #define KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR 0x00099000 static fdctrl_t *floppy_controller; static RTCState *rtc_state; static PITState *pit; static IOAPICState *ioapic; static PCIDevice *i440fx_state; static void ioport80_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data) { } /* MSDOS compatibility mode FPU exception support */ /* XXX: add IGNNE support */ void cpu_set_ferr(CPUX86State *s) { pic_set_irq(13, 1); } static void ioportF0_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t data) { pic_set_irq(13, 0); } /* TSC handling */ uint64_t cpu_get_tsc(CPUX86State *env) { /* Note: when using kqemu, it is more logical to return the host TSC because kqemu does not trap the RDTSC instruction for performance reasons */ #if USE_KQEMU if (env->kqemu_enabled) { return cpu_get_real_ticks(); } else #endif { return cpu_get_ticks(); } } /* SMM support */ void cpu_smm_update(CPUState *env) { if (i440fx_state && env == first_cpu) i440fx_set_smm(i440fx_state, (env->hflags >> HF_SMM_SHIFT) & 1); } /* IRQ handling */ int cpu_get_pic_interrupt(CPUState *env) { int intno; intno = apic_get_interrupt(env); if (intno >= 0) { /* set irq request if a PIC irq is still pending */ /* XXX: improve that */ pic_update_irq(isa_pic); return intno; } /* read the irq from the PIC */ intno = pic_read_irq(isa_pic); return intno; } static void pic_irq_request(void *opaque, int level) { CPUState *env = opaque; if (level) cpu_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD); else cpu_reset_interrupt(env, CPU_INTERRUPT_HARD); } /* PC cmos mappings */ #define REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE 0x14 static int cmos_get_fd_drive_type(int fd0) { int val; switch (fd0) { case 0: /* 1.44 Mb 3"5 drive */ val = 4; break; case 1: /* 2.88 Mb 3"5 drive */ val = 5; break; case 2: /* 1.2 Mb 5"5 drive */ val = 2; break; default: val = 0; break; } return val; } static void cmos_init_hd(int type_ofs, int info_ofs, BlockDriverState *hd) { RTCState *s = rtc_state; int cylinders, heads, sectors; bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd, &cylinders, &heads, §ors); rtc_set_memory(s, type_ofs, 47); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs, cylinders); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 1, cylinders >> 8); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 2, heads); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 3, 0xff); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 4, 0xff); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 5, 0xc0 | ((heads > 8) << 3)); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 6, cylinders); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 7, cylinders >> 8); rtc_set_memory(s, info_ofs + 8, sectors); } /* hd_table must contain 4 block drivers */ static void cmos_init(int ram_size, int boot_device, BlockDriverState **hd_table) { RTCState *s = rtc_state; int val; int fd0, fd1, nb; int i; /* various important CMOS locations needed by PC/Bochs bios */ /* memory size */ val = 640; /* base memory in K */ rtc_set_memory(s, 0x15, val); rtc_set_memory(s, 0x16, val >> 8); val = (ram_size / 1024) - 1024; if (val > 65535) val = 65535; rtc_set_memory(s, 0x17, val); rtc_set_memory(s, 0x18, val >> 8); rtc_set_memory(s, 0x30, val); rtc_set_memory(s, 0x31, val >> 8); if (ram_size > (16 * 1024 * 1024)) val = (ram_size / 65536) - ((16 * 1024 * 1024) / 65536); else val = 0; if (val > 65535) val = 65535; rtc_set_memory(s, 0x34, val); rtc_set_memory(s, 0x35, val >> 8); switch(boot_device) { case 'a': case 'b': rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x01); /* floppy boot */ if (!fd_bootchk) rtc_set_memory(s, 0x38, 0x01); /* disable signature check */ break; default: case 'c': rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x02); /* hard drive boot */ break; case 'd': rtc_set_memory(s, 0x3d, 0x03); /* CD-ROM boot */ break; } /* floppy type */ fd0 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 0); fd1 = fdctrl_get_drive_type(floppy_controller, 1); val = (cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd0) << 4) | cmos_get_fd_drive_type(fd1); rtc_set_memory(s, 0x10, val); val = 0; nb = 0; if (fd0 < 3) nb++; if (fd1 < 3) nb++; switch (nb) { case 0: break; case 1: val |= 0x01; /* 1 drive, ready for boot */ break; case 2: val |= 0x41; /* 2 drives, ready for boot */ break; } val |= 0x02; /* FPU is there */ val |= 0x04; /* PS/2 mouse installed */ rtc_set_memory(s, REG_EQUIPMENT_BYTE, val); /* hard drives */ rtc_set_memory(s, 0x12, (hd_table[0] ? 0xf0 : 0) | (hd_table[1] ? 0x0f : 0)); if (hd_table[0]) cmos_init_hd(0x19, 0x1b, hd_table[0]); if (hd_table[1]) cmos_init_hd(0x1a, 0x24, hd_table[1]); val = 0; for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { if (hd_table[i]) { int cylinders, heads, sectors, translation; /* NOTE: bdrv_get_geometry_hint() returns the physical geometry. It is always such that: 1 <= sects <= 63, 1 <= heads <= 16, 1 <= cylinders <= 16383. The BIOS geometry can be different if a translation is done. */ translation = bdrv_get_translation_hint(hd_table[i]); if (translation == BIOS_ATA_TRANSLATION_AUTO) { bdrv_get_geometry_hint(hd_table[i], &cylinders, &heads, §ors); if (cylinders <= 1024 && heads <= 16 && sectors <= 63) { /* No translation. */ translation = 0; } else { /* LBA translation. */ translation = 1; } } else { translation--; } val |= translation << (i * 2); } } rtc_set_memory(s, 0x39, val); } void ioport_set_a20(int enable) { /* XXX: send to all CPUs ? */ cpu_x86_set_a20(first_cpu, enable); } int ioport_get_a20(void) { return ((first_cpu->a20_mask >> 20) & 1); } static void ioport92_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val) { ioport_set_a20((val >> 1) & 1); /* XXX: bit 0 is fast reset */ } static uint32_t ioport92_read(void *opaque, uint32_t addr) { return ioport_get_a20() << 1; } /***********************************************************/ /* Bochs BIOS debug ports */ void bochs_bios_write(void *opaque, uint32_t addr, uint32_t val) { static const char shutdown_str[8] = "Shutdown"; static int shutdown_index = 0; switch(addr) { /* Bochs BIOS messages */ case 0x400: case 0x401: fprintf(stderr, "BIOS panic at rombios.c, line %d\n", val); exit(1); case 0x402: case 0x403: #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS fprintf(stderr, "%c", val); #endif break; case 0x8900: /* same as Bochs power off */ if (val == shutdown_str[shutdown_index]) { shutdown_index++; if (shutdown_index == 8) { shutdown_index = 0; qemu_system_shutdown_request(); } } else { shutdown_index = 0; } break; /* LGPL'ed VGA BIOS messages */ case 0x501: case 0x502: fprintf(stderr, "VGA BIOS panic, line %d\n", val); exit(1); case 0x500: case 0x503: #ifdef DEBUG_BIOS fprintf(stderr, "%c", val); #endif break; } } void bochs_bios_init(void) { register_ioport_write(0x400, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x401, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x402, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x403, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x8900, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x501, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x502, 1, 2, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x500, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x503, 1, 1, bochs_bios_write, NULL); } int load_kernel(const char *filename, uint8_t *addr, uint8_t *real_addr) { int fd, size; int setup_sects; fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY); if (fd < 0) return -1; /* load 16 bit code */ if (read(fd, real_addr, 512) != 512) goto fail; setup_sects = real_addr[0x1F1]; if (!setup_sects) setup_sects = 4; if (read(fd, real_addr + 512, setup_sects * 512) != setup_sects * 512) goto fail; /* load 32 bit code */ size = read(fd, addr, 16 * 1024 * 1024); if (size < 0) goto fail; close(fd); return size; fail: close(fd); return -1; } static void main_cpu_reset(void *opaque) { CPUState *env = opaque; cpu_reset(env); } static const int ide_iobase[2] = { 0x1f0, 0x170 }; static const int ide_iobase2[2] = { 0x3f6, 0x376 }; static const int ide_irq[2] = { 14, 15 }; #define NE2000_NB_MAX 6 static int ne2000_io[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360, 0x280, 0x380 }; static int ne2000_irq[NE2000_NB_MAX] = { 9, 10, 11, 3, 4, 5 }; static int serial_io[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 0x3f8, 0x2f8, 0x3e8, 0x2e8 }; static int serial_irq[MAX_SERIAL_PORTS] = { 4, 3, 4, 3 }; static int parallel_io[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 0x378, 0x278, 0x3bc }; static int parallel_irq[MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS] = { 7, 7, 7 }; #ifdef HAS_AUDIO static void audio_init (PCIBus *pci_bus) { struct soundhw *c; int audio_enabled = 0; for (c = soundhw; !audio_enabled && c->name; ++c) { audio_enabled = c->enabled; } if (audio_enabled) { AudioState *s; s = AUD_init (); if (s) { for (c = soundhw; c->name; ++c) { if (c->enabled) { if (c->isa) { c->init.init_isa (s); } else { if (pci_bus) { c->init.init_pci (pci_bus, s); } } } } } } } #endif static void pc_init_ne2k_isa(NICInfo *nd) { static int nb_ne2k = 0; if (nb_ne2k == NE2000_NB_MAX) return; isa_ne2000_init(ne2000_io[nb_ne2k], ne2000_irq[nb_ne2k], nd); nb_ne2k++; } /* PC hardware initialisation */ static void pc_init1(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device, DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot, const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline, const char *initrd_filename, int pci_enabled) { char buf[1024]; int ret, linux_boot, initrd_size, i; unsigned long bios_offset, vga_bios_offset, option_rom_offset; int bios_size, isa_bios_size; PCIBus *pci_bus; int piix3_devfn = -1; CPUState *env; NICInfo *nd; linux_boot = (kernel_filename != NULL); /* init CPUs */ for(i = 0; i < smp_cpus; i++) { env = cpu_init(); if (i != 0) env->hflags |= HF_HALTED_MASK; if (smp_cpus > 1) { /* XXX: enable it in all cases */ env->cpuid_features |= CPUID_APIC; } register_savevm("cpu", i, 4, cpu_save, cpu_load, env); qemu_register_reset(main_cpu_reset, env); if (pci_enabled) { apic_init(env); } } /* allocate RAM */ cpu_register_physical_memory(0, ram_size, 0); /* BIOS load */ bios_offset = ram_size + vga_ram_size; vga_bios_offset = bios_offset + 256 * 1024; snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, BIOS_FILENAME); bios_size = get_image_size(buf); if (bios_size <= 0 || (bios_size % 65536) != 0 || bios_size > (256 * 1024)) { goto bios_error; } ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + bios_offset); if (ret != bios_size) { bios_error: fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load PC bios '%s'\n", buf); exit(1); } /* VGA BIOS load */ if (cirrus_vga_enabled) { snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_CIRRUS_FILENAME); } else { snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, VGABIOS_FILENAME); } ret = load_image(buf, phys_ram_base + vga_bios_offset); /* setup basic memory access */ cpu_register_physical_memory(0xc0000, 0x10000, vga_bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM); /* map the last 128KB of the BIOS in ISA space */ isa_bios_size = bios_size; if (isa_bios_size > (128 * 1024)) isa_bios_size = 128 * 1024; cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000, (192 * 1024) - isa_bios_size, IO_MEM_UNASSIGNED); cpu_register_physical_memory(0x100000 - isa_bios_size, isa_bios_size, (bios_offset + bios_size - isa_bios_size) | IO_MEM_ROM); option_rom_offset = 0; for (i = 0; i < nb_option_roms; i++) { int offset = bios_offset + bios_size + option_rom_offset; int size; size = load_image(option_rom[i], phys_ram_base + offset); if ((size + option_rom_offset) > 0x10000) { fprintf(stderr, "Too many option ROMS\n"); exit(1); } cpu_register_physical_memory(0xd0000 + option_rom_offset, size, offset | IO_MEM_ROM); option_rom_offset += size + 2047; option_rom_offset -= (option_rom_offset % 2048); } /* map all the bios at the top of memory */ cpu_register_physical_memory((uint32_t)(-bios_size), bios_size, bios_offset | IO_MEM_ROM); bochs_bios_init(); if (linux_boot) { uint8_t bootsect[512]; uint8_t old_bootsect[512]; if (bs_table[0] == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "A disk image must be given for 'hda' when booting a Linux kernel\n"); exit(1); } snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%s/%s", bios_dir, LINUX_BOOT_FILENAME); ret = load_image(buf, bootsect); if (ret != sizeof(bootsect)) { fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load linux boot sector '%s'\n", buf); exit(1); } if (bdrv_read(bs_table[0], 0, old_bootsect, 1) >= 0) { /* copy the MSDOS partition table */ memcpy(bootsect + 0x1be, old_bootsect + 0x1be, 0x40); } bdrv_set_boot_sector(bs_table[0], bootsect, sizeof(bootsect)); /* now we can load the kernel */ ret = load_kernel(kernel_filename, phys_ram_base + KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR, phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load kernel '%s'\n", kernel_filename); exit(1); } /* load initrd */ initrd_size = 0; if (initrd_filename) { initrd_size = load_image(initrd_filename, phys_ram_base + INITRD_LOAD_ADDR); if (initrd_size < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "qemu: could not load initial ram disk '%s'\n", initrd_filename); exit(1); } } if (initrd_size > 0) { stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x218, INITRD_LOAD_ADDR); stl_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x21c, initrd_size); } pstrcpy(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR, 4096, kernel_cmdline); stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x20, 0xA33F); stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x22, KERNEL_CMDLINE_ADDR - KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR); /* loader type */ stw_raw(phys_ram_base + KERNEL_PARAMS_ADDR + 0x210, 0x01); } if (pci_enabled) { pci_bus = i440fx_init(&i440fx_state); piix3_devfn = piix3_init(pci_bus, -1); } else { pci_bus = NULL; } /* init basic PC hardware */ register_ioport_write(0x80, 1, 1, ioport80_write, NULL); register_ioport_write(0xf0, 1, 1, ioportF0_write, NULL); if (cirrus_vga_enabled) { if (pci_enabled) { pci_cirrus_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size, vga_ram_size); } else { isa_cirrus_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size, vga_ram_size); } } else { if (pci_enabled) { pci_vga_init(pci_bus, ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size, vga_ram_size, 0, 0); } else { isa_vga_init(ds, phys_ram_base + ram_size, ram_size, vga_ram_size); } } rtc_state = rtc_init(0x70, 8); register_ioport_read(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_read, NULL); register_ioport_write(0x92, 1, 1, ioport92_write, NULL); if (pci_enabled) { ioapic = ioapic_init(); } isa_pic = pic_init(pic_irq_request, first_cpu); pit = pit_init(0x40, 0); pcspk_init(pit); if (pci_enabled) { pic_set_alt_irq_func(isa_pic, ioapic_set_irq, ioapic); } for(i = 0; i < MAX_SERIAL_PORTS; i++) { if (serial_hds[i]) { serial_init(&pic_set_irq_new, isa_pic, serial_io[i], serial_irq[i], serial_hds[i]); } } for(i = 0; i < MAX_PARALLEL_PORTS; i++) { if (parallel_hds[i]) { parallel_init(parallel_io[i], parallel_irq[i], parallel_hds[i]); } } for(i = 0; i < nb_nics; i++) { nd = &nd_table[i]; if (!nd->model) { if (pci_enabled) { nd->model = "ne2k_pci"; } else { nd->model = "ne2k_isa"; } } if (strcmp(nd->model, "ne2k_isa") == 0) { pc_init_ne2k_isa(nd); } else if (pci_enabled) { pci_nic_init(pci_bus, nd, -1); } else { fprintf(stderr, "qemu: Unsupported NIC: %s\n", nd->model); exit(1); } } if (pci_enabled) { pci_piix3_ide_init(pci_bus, bs_table, piix3_devfn + 1); } else { for(i = 0; i < 2; i++) { isa_ide_init(ide_iobase[i], ide_iobase2[i], ide_irq[i], bs_table[2 * i], bs_table[2 * i + 1]); } } kbd_init(); DMA_init(0); #ifdef HAS_AUDIO audio_init(pci_enabled ? pci_bus : NULL); #endif floppy_controller = fdctrl_init(6, 2, 0, 0x3f0, fd_table); cmos_init(ram_size, boot_device, bs_table); if (pci_enabled && usb_enabled) { usb_uhci_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 2); } if (pci_enabled && acpi_enabled) { uint8_t *eeprom_buf = qemu_mallocz(8 * 256); /* XXX: make this persistent */ piix4_pm_init(pci_bus, piix3_devfn + 3); for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) { SMBusDevice *eeprom = smbus_eeprom_device_init(0x50 + i, eeprom_buf + (i * 256)); piix4_smbus_register_device(eeprom, 0x50 + i); } } if (i440fx_state) { i440fx_init_memory_mappings(i440fx_state); } #if 0 /* ??? Need to figure out some way for the user to specify SCSI devices. */ if (pci_enabled) { void *scsi; BlockDriverState *bdrv; scsi = lsi_scsi_init(pci_bus, -1); bdrv = bdrv_new("scsidisk"); bdrv_open(bdrv, "scsi_disk.img", 0); lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, bdrv, -1); bdrv = bdrv_new("scsicd"); bdrv_open(bdrv, "scsi_cd.iso", 0); bdrv_set_type_hint(bdrv, BDRV_TYPE_CDROM); lsi_scsi_attach(scsi, bdrv, -1); } #endif } static void pc_init_pci(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device, DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot, const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline, const char *initrd_filename) { pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds, fd_filename, snapshot, kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline, initrd_filename, 1); } static void pc_init_isa(int ram_size, int vga_ram_size, int boot_device, DisplayState *ds, const char **fd_filename, int snapshot, const char *kernel_filename, const char *kernel_cmdline, const char *initrd_filename) { pc_init1(ram_size, vga_ram_size, boot_device, ds, fd_filename, snapshot, kernel_filename, kernel_cmdline, initrd_filename, 0); } QEMUMachine pc_machine = { "pc", "Standard PC", pc_init_pci, }; QEMUMachine isapc_machine = { "isapc", "ISA-only PC", pc_init_isa, };