#!/usr/bin/env python # # Tests for incremental drive-backup # # Copyright (C) 2015 John Snow for Red Hat, Inc. # # Based on 056. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or # (at your option) any later version. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program. If not, see . # import os import iotests def io_write_patterns(img, patterns): for pattern in patterns: iotests.qemu_io('-c', 'write -P%s %s %s' % pattern, img) def try_remove(img): try: os.remove(img) except OSError: pass def transaction_action(action, **kwargs): return { 'type': action, 'data': dict((k.replace('_', '-'), v) for k, v in kwargs.iteritems()) } def transaction_bitmap_clear(node, name, **kwargs): return transaction_action('block-dirty-bitmap-clear', node=node, name=name, **kwargs) def transaction_drive_backup(device, target, **kwargs): return transaction_action('drive-backup', job_id=device, device=device, target=target, **kwargs) class Bitmap: def __init__(self, name, drive): self.name = name self.drive = drive self.num = 0 self.backups = list() def base_target(self): return (self.drive['backup'], None) def new_target(self, num=None): if num is None: num = self.num self.num = num + 1 base = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, "%s.%s." % (self.drive['id'], self.name)) suff = "%i.%s" % (num, self.drive['fmt']) target = base + "inc" + suff reference = base + "ref" + suff self.backups.append((target, reference)) return (target, reference) def last_target(self): if self.backups: return self.backups[-1] return self.base_target() def del_target(self): for image in self.backups.pop(): try_remove(image) self.num -= 1 def cleanup(self): for backup in self.backups: for image in backup: try_remove(image) class TestIncrementalBackupBase(iotests.QMPTestCase): def __init__(self, *args): super(TestIncrementalBackupBase, self).__init__(*args) self.bitmaps = list() self.files = list() self.drives = list() self.vm = iotests.VM() self.err_img = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, 'err.%s' % iotests.imgfmt) def setUp(self): # Create a base image with a distinctive patterning drive0 = self.add_node('drive0') self.img_create(drive0['file'], drive0['fmt']) self.vm.add_drive(drive0['file']) self.write_default_pattern(drive0['file']) self.vm.launch() def write_default_pattern(self, target): io_write_patterns(target, (('0x41', 0, 512), ('0xd5', '1M', '32k'), ('0xdc', '32M', '124k'))) def add_node(self, node_id, fmt=iotests.imgfmt, path=None, backup=None): if path is None: path = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, '%s.%s' % (node_id, fmt)) if backup is None: backup = os.path.join(iotests.test_dir, '%s.full.backup.%s' % (node_id, fmt)) self.drives.append({ 'id': node_id, 'file': path, 'backup': backup, 'fmt': fmt }) return self.drives[-1] def img_create(self, img, fmt=iotests.imgfmt, size='64M', parent=None, parentFormat=None, **kwargs): optargs = [] for k,v in kwargs.iteritems(): optargs = optargs + ['-o', '%s=%s' % (k,v)] args = ['create', '-f', fmt] + optargs + [img, size] if parent: if parentFormat is None: parentFormat = fmt args = args + ['-b', parent, '-F', parentFormat] iotests.qemu_img(*args) self.files.append(img) def do_qmp_backup(self, error='Input/output error', **kwargs): res = self.vm.qmp('drive-backup', **kwargs) self.assert_qmp(res, 'return', {}) return self.wait_qmp_backup(kwargs['device'], error) def wait_qmp_backup(self, device, error='Input/output error'): event = self.vm.event_wait(name="BLOCK_JOB_COMPLETED", match={'data': {'device': device}}) self.assertNotEqual(event, None) try: failure = self.dictpath(event, 'data/error') except AssertionError: # Backup succeeded. self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/offset', event['data']['len']) return True else: # Backup failed. self.assert_qmp(event, 'data/error', error) return False def wait_qmp_backup_cancelled(self, device): event = self.vm.event_wait(name='BLOCK_JOB_CANCELLED', match={'data': {'device': device}}) self.assertNotEqual(event, None) def create_anchor_backup(self, drive=None): if drive is None: drive = self.drives[-1] res = self.do_qmp_backup(job_id=drive['id'], device=drive['id'], sync='full', format=drive['fmt'], target=drive['backup']) self.assertTrue(res) self.files.append(drive['backup']) return drive['backup'] def make_reference_backup(self, bitmap=None): if bitmap is None: bitmap = self.bitmaps[-1] _, reference = bitmap.last_target() res = self.do_qmp_backup(job_id=bitmap.drive['id'], device=bitmap.drive['id'], sync='full', format=bitmap.drive['fmt'], target=reference) self.assertTrue(res) def add_bitmap(self, name, drive, **kwargs): bitmap = Bitmap(name, drive) self.bitmaps.append(bitmap) result = self.vm.qmp('block-dirty-bitmap-add', node=drive['id'], name=bitmap.name, **kwargs) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {}) return bitmap def prepare_backup(self, bitmap=None, parent=None): if bitmap is None: bitmap = self.bitmaps[-1] if parent is None: parent, _ = bitmap.last_target() target, _ = bitmap.new_target() self.img_create(target, bitmap.drive['fmt'], parent=parent) return target def create_incremental(self, bitmap=None, parent=None, parentFormat=None, validate=True): if bitmap is None: bitmap = self.bitmaps[-1] if parent is None: parent, _ = bitmap.last_target() target = self.prepare_backup(bitmap, parent) res = self.do_qmp_backup(job_id=bitmap.drive['id'], device=bitmap.drive['id'], sync='incremental', bitmap=bitmap.name, format=bitmap.drive['fmt'], target=target, mode='existing') if not res: bitmap.del_target(); self.assertFalse(validate) else: self.make_reference_backup(bitmap) return res def check_backups(self): for bitmap in self.bitmaps: for incremental, reference in bitmap.backups: self.assertTrue(iotests.compare_images(incremental, reference)) last = bitmap.last_target()[0] self.assertTrue(iotests.compare_images(last, bitmap.drive['file'])) def hmp_io_writes(self, drive, patterns): for pattern in patterns: self.vm.hmp_qemu_io(drive, 'write -P%s %s %s' % pattern) self.vm.hmp_qemu_io(drive, 'flush') def do_incremental_simple(self, **kwargs): self.create_anchor_backup() self.add_bitmap('bitmap0', self.drives[0], **kwargs) # Sanity: Create a "hollow" incremental backup self.create_incremental() # Three writes: One complete overwrite, one new segment, # and one partial overlap. self.hmp_io_writes(self.drives[0]['id'], (('0xab', 0, 512), ('0xfe', '16M', '256k'), ('0x64', '32736k', '64k'))) self.create_incremental() # Three more writes, one of each kind, like above self.hmp_io_writes(self.drives[0]['id'], (('0x9a', 0, 512), ('0x55', '8M', '352k'), ('0x78', '15872k', '1M'))) self.create_incremental() self.vm.shutdown() self.check_backups() def tearDown(self): self.vm.shutdown() for bitmap in self.bitmaps: bitmap.cleanup() for filename in self.files: try_remove(filename) class TestIncrementalBackup(TestIncrementalBackupBase): def test_incremental_simple(self): ''' Test: Create and verify three incremental backups. Create a bitmap and a full backup before VM execution begins, then create a series of three incremental backups "during execution," i.e.; after IO requests begin modifying the drive. ''' return self.do_incremental_simple() def test_small_granularity(self): ''' Test: Create and verify backups made with a small granularity bitmap. Perform the same test as test_incremental_simple, but with a granularity of only 32KiB instead of the present default of 64KiB. ''' return self.do_incremental_simple(granularity=32768) def test_large_granularity(self): ''' Test: Create and verify backups made with a large granularity bitmap. Perform the same test as test_incremental_simple, but with a granularity of 128KiB instead of the present default of 64KiB. ''' return self.do_incremental_simple(granularity=131072) def test_larger_cluster_target(self): ''' Test: Create and verify backups made to a larger cluster size target. With a default granularity of 64KiB, verify that backups made to a larger cluster size target of 128KiB without a backing file works. ''' drive0 = self.drives[0] # Create a cluster_size=128k full backup / "anchor" backup self.img_create(drive0['backup'], cluster_size='128k') self.assertTrue(self.do_qmp_backup(device=drive0['id'], sync='full', format=drive0['fmt'], target=drive0['backup'], mode='existing')) # Create bitmap and dirty it with some new writes. # overwrite [32736, 32799] which will dirty bitmap clusters at # 32M-64K and 32M. 32M+64K will be left undirtied. bitmap0 = self.add_bitmap('bitmap0', drive0) self.hmp_io_writes(drive0['id'], (('0xab', 0, 512), ('0xfe', '16M', '256k'), ('0x64', '32736k', '64k'))) # Check the dirty bitmap stats result = self.vm.qmp('query-block') self.assert_qmp(result, 'return[0]/dirty-bitmaps[0]/name', 'bitmap0') self.assert_qmp(result, 'return[0]/dirty-bitmaps[0]/count', 458752) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return[0]/dirty-bitmaps[0]/granularity', 65536) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return[0]/dirty-bitmaps[0]/status', 'active') # Prepare a cluster_size=128k backup target without a backing file. (target, _) = bitmap0.new_target() self.img_create(target, bitmap0.drive['fmt'], cluster_size='128k') # Perform Incremental Backup self.assertTrue(self.do_qmp_backup(device=bitmap0.drive['id'], sync='incremental', bitmap=bitmap0.name, format=bitmap0.drive['fmt'], target=target, mode='existing')) self.make_reference_backup(bitmap0) # Add the backing file, then compare and exit. iotests.qemu_img('rebase', '-f', drive0['fmt'], '-u', '-b', drive0['backup'], '-F', drive0['fmt'], target) self.vm.shutdown() self.check_backups() def test_incremental_transaction(self): '''Test: Verify backups made from transactionally created bitmaps. Create a bitmap "before" VM execution begins, then create a second bitmap AFTER writes have already occurred. Use transactions to create a full backup and synchronize both bitmaps to this backup. Create an incremental backup through both bitmaps and verify that both backups match the current drive0 image. ''' drive0 = self.drives[0] bitmap0 = self.add_bitmap('bitmap0', drive0) self.hmp_io_writes(drive0['id'], (('0xab', 0, 512), ('0xfe', '16M', '256k'), ('0x64', '32736k', '64k'))) bitmap1 = self.add_bitmap('bitmap1', drive0) result = self.vm.qmp('transaction', actions=[ transaction_bitmap_clear(bitmap0.drive['id'], bitmap0.name), transaction_bitmap_clear(bitmap1.drive['id'], bitmap1.name), transaction_drive_backup(drive0['id'], drive0['backup'], sync='full', format=drive0['fmt']) ]) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {}) self.wait_until_completed(drive0['id']) self.files.append(drive0['backup']) self.hmp_io_writes(drive0['id'], (('0x9a', 0, 512), ('0x55', '8M', '352k'), ('0x78', '15872k', '1M'))) # Both bitmaps should be correctly in sync. self.create_incremental(bitmap0) self.create_incremental(bitmap1) self.vm.shutdown() self.check_backups() def do_transaction_failure_test(self, race=False): # Create a second drive, with pattern: drive1 = self.add_node('drive1') self.img_create(drive1['file'], drive1['fmt']) io_write_patterns(drive1['file'], (('0x14', 0, 512), ('0x5d', '1M', '32k'), ('0xcd', '32M', '124k'))) # Create a blkdebug interface to this img as 'drive1' result = self.vm.qmp('blockdev-add', node_name=drive1['id'], driver=drive1['fmt'], file={ 'driver': 'blkdebug', 'image': { 'driver': 'file', 'filename': drive1['file'] }, 'set-state': [{ 'event': 'flush_to_disk', 'state': 1, 'new_state': 2 }], 'inject-error': [{ 'event': 'read_aio', 'errno': 5, 'state': 2, 'immediately': False, 'once': True }], } ) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {}) # Create bitmaps and full backups for both drives drive0 = self.drives[0] dr0bm0 = self.add_bitmap('bitmap0', drive0) dr1bm0 = self.add_bitmap('bitmap0', drive1) self.create_anchor_backup(drive0) self.create_anchor_backup(drive1) self.assert_no_active_block_jobs() self.assertFalse(self.vm.get_qmp_events(wait=False)) # Emulate some writes if not race: self.hmp_io_writes(drive0['id'], (('0xab', 0, 512), ('0xfe', '16M', '256k'), ('0x64', '32736k', '64k'))) self.hmp_io_writes(drive1['id'], (('0xba', 0, 512), ('0xef', '16M', '256k'), ('0x46', '32736k', '64k'))) # Create incremental backup targets target0 = self.prepare_backup(dr0bm0) target1 = self.prepare_backup(dr1bm0) # Ask for a new incremental backup per-each drive, # expecting drive1's backup to fail. In the 'race' test, # we expect drive1 to attempt to cancel the empty drive0 job. transaction = [ transaction_drive_backup(drive0['id'], target0, sync='incremental', format=drive0['fmt'], mode='existing', bitmap=dr0bm0.name), transaction_drive_backup(drive1['id'], target1, sync='incremental', format=drive1['fmt'], mode='existing', bitmap=dr1bm0.name) ] result = self.vm.qmp('transaction', actions=transaction, properties={'completion-mode': 'grouped'} ) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {}) # Observe that drive0's backup is cancelled and drive1 completes with # an error. self.wait_qmp_backup_cancelled(drive0['id']) self.assertFalse(self.wait_qmp_backup(drive1['id'])) error = self.vm.event_wait('BLOCK_JOB_ERROR') self.assert_qmp(error, 'data', {'device': drive1['id'], 'action': 'report', 'operation': 'read'}) self.assertFalse(self.vm.get_qmp_events(wait=False)) self.assert_no_active_block_jobs() # Delete drive0's successful target and eliminate our record of the # unsuccessful drive1 target. dr0bm0.del_target() dr1bm0.del_target() if race: # Don't re-run the transaction, we only wanted to test the race. self.vm.shutdown() return # Re-run the same transaction: target0 = self.prepare_backup(dr0bm0) target1 = self.prepare_backup(dr1bm0) # Re-run the exact same transaction. result = self.vm.qmp('transaction', actions=transaction, properties={'completion-mode':'grouped'}) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {}) # Both should complete successfully this time. self.assertTrue(self.wait_qmp_backup(drive0['id'])) self.assertTrue(self.wait_qmp_backup(drive1['id'])) self.make_reference_backup(dr0bm0) self.make_reference_backup(dr1bm0) self.assertFalse(self.vm.get_qmp_events(wait=False)) self.assert_no_active_block_jobs() # And the images should of course validate. self.vm.shutdown() self.check_backups() def test_transaction_failure(self): '''Test: Verify backups made from a transaction that partially fails. Add a second drive with its own unique pattern, and add a bitmap to each drive. Use blkdebug to interfere with the backup on just one drive and attempt to create a coherent incremental backup across both drives. verify a failure in one but not both, then delete the failed stubs and re-run the same transaction. verify that both incrementals are created successfully. ''' self.do_transaction_failure_test() def test_transaction_failure_race(self): '''Test: Verify that transactions with jobs that have no data to transfer do not cause race conditions in the cancellation of the entire transaction job group. ''' self.do_transaction_failure_test(race=True) def test_sync_dirty_bitmap_missing(self): self.assert_no_active_block_jobs() self.files.append(self.err_img) result = self.vm.qmp('drive-backup', device=self.drives[0]['id'], sync='incremental', format=self.drives[0]['fmt'], target=self.err_img) self.assert_qmp(result, 'error/class', 'GenericError') def test_sync_dirty_bitmap_not_found(self): self.assert_no_active_block_jobs() self.files.append(self.err_img) result = self.vm.qmp('drive-backup', device=self.drives[0]['id'], sync='incremental', bitmap='unknown', format=self.drives[0]['fmt'], target=self.err_img) self.assert_qmp(result, 'error/class', 'GenericError') def test_sync_dirty_bitmap_bad_granularity(self): ''' Test: Test what happens if we provide an improper granularity. The granularity must always be a power of 2. ''' self.assert_no_active_block_jobs() self.assertRaises(AssertionError, self.add_bitmap, 'bitmap0', self.drives[0], granularity=64000) class TestIncrementalBackupBlkdebug(TestIncrementalBackupBase): '''Incremental backup tests that utilize a BlkDebug filter on drive0.''' def setUp(self): drive0 = self.add_node('drive0') self.img_create(drive0['file'], drive0['fmt']) self.write_default_pattern(drive0['file']) self.vm.launch() def test_incremental_failure(self): '''Test: Verify backups made after a failure are correct. Simulate a failure during an incremental backup block job, emulate additional writes, then create another incremental backup afterwards and verify that the backup created is correct. ''' drive0 = self.drives[0] result = self.vm.qmp('blockdev-add', node_name=drive0['id'], driver=drive0['fmt'], file={ 'driver': 'blkdebug', 'image': { 'driver': 'file', 'filename': drive0['file'] }, 'set-state': [{ 'event': 'flush_to_disk', 'state': 1, 'new_state': 2 }], 'inject-error': [{ 'event': 'read_aio', 'errno': 5, 'state': 2, 'immediately': False, 'once': True }], } ) self.assert_qmp(result, 'return', {}) self.create_anchor_backup(drive0) self.add_bitmap('bitmap0', drive0) # Note: at this point, during a normal execution, # Assume that the VM resumes and begins issuing IO requests here. self.hmp_io_writes(drive0['id'], (('0xab', 0, 512), ('0xfe', '16M', '256k'), ('0x64', '32736k', '64k'))) result = self.create_incremental(validate=False) self.assertFalse(result) self.hmp_io_writes(drive0['id'], (('0x9a', 0, 512), ('0x55', '8M', '352k'), ('0x78', '15872k', '1M'))) self.create_incremental() self.vm.shutdown() self.check_backups() if __name__ == '__main__': iotests.main(supported_fmts=['qcow2'])