Initial implementation of GCM

* cipher/Makefile.am: Add 'cipher-gcm.c'.
* cipher/cipher-ccm.c (_gcry_ciphert_ccm_set_lengths)
(_gcry_cipher_ccm_authenticate, _gcry_cipher_ccm_tag)
(_gcry_cipher_ccm_encrypt, _gcry_cipher_ccm_decrypt): Change
'c->u_mode.ccm.tag' to 'c->marks.tag'.
* cipher/cipher-gcm.c: New.
* cipher/cipher-internal.h (GCM_USE_TABLES): New.
(gcry_cipher_handle): Add 'marks.tag', 'u_tag', 'length' and
'gcm_table'; Remove 'u_mode.ccm.tag'.
(_gcry_cipher_gcm_encrypt, _gcry_cipher_gcm_decrypt)
(_gcry_cipher_gcm_setiv, _gcry_cipher_gcm_authenticate)
(_gcry_cipher_gcm_get_tag, _gcry_cipher_gcm_check_tag): New.
* cipher/cipher.c (_gcry_cipher_open_internal, cipher_setkey)
(cipher_encrypt, cipher_decrypt, _gcry_cipher_authenticate)
(_gcry_cipher_gettag, _gcry_cipher_checktag): Add GCM mode handling.
* src/gcrypt.h.in (gcry_cipher_modes): Add GCRY_CIPHER_MODE_GCM.
(GCRY_GCM_BLOCK_LEN): New.
* tests/basic.c (check_gcm_cipher): New.
(check_ciphers): Add GCM check.
(check_cipher_modes): Call 'check_gcm_cipher'.
* tests/bench-slope.c (bench_gcm_encrypt_do_bench)
(bench_gcm_decrypt_do_bench, bench_gcm_authenticate_do_bench)
(gcm_encrypt_ops, gcm_decrypt_ops, gcm_authenticate_ops): New.
(cipher_modes): Add GCM enc/dec/auth.
(cipher_bench_one): Limit GCM to block ciphers with 16 byte block-size.
* tests/benchmark.c (cipher_bench): Add GCM.
--

Currently it is still quite slow.

Still no support for generate_iv(). Is it really necessary?

TODO: Merge/reuse cipher-internal state used by CCM.

Changelog entry will be present in final patch submission.

Changes since v1:
- 6x-7x speedup.
- added bench-slope support

Signed-off-by: Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
[jk: mangle new file throught 'indent -nut']
[jk: few fixes]
[jk: changelog]

1 files changed, 483 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/cipher/cipher-gcm.c b/cipher/cipher-gcm.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b6c50bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cipher/cipher-gcm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+/* cipher-gcm.c  - Generic Galois Counter Mode implementation
+ * Copyright (C) 2013 Dmitry Eremin-Solenikov
+ *
+ * This file is part of Libgcrypt.
+ *
+ * Libgcrypt is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU Lesser general Public License as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of
+ * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * Libgcrypt is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+ * GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ * License along with this program; if not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+ */
+
+#include <config.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "g10lib.h"
+#include "cipher.h"
+#include "ath.h"
+#include "bufhelp.h"
+#include "./cipher-internal.h"
+
+#ifdef GCM_USE_TABLES
+static const byte gcmR[256][2] = {
+  {0x00, 0x00,}, {0x01, 0xc2,}, {0x03, 0x84,}, {0x02, 0x46,},
+  {0x07, 0x08,}, {0x06, 0xca,}, {0x04, 0x8c,}, {0x05, 0x4e,},
+  {0x0e, 0x10,}, {0x0f, 0xd2,}, {0x0d, 0x94,}, {0x0c, 0x56,},
+  {0x09, 0x18,}, {0x08, 0xda,}, {0x0a, 0x9c,}, {0x0b, 0x5e,},
+  {0x1c, 0x20,}, {0x1d, 0xe2,}, {0x1f, 0xa4,}, {0x1e, 0x66,},
+  {0x1b, 0x28,}, {0x1a, 0xea,}, {0x18, 0xac,}, {0x19, 0x6e,},
+  {0x12, 0x30,}, {0x13, 0xf2,}, {0x11, 0xb4,}, {0x10, 0x76,},
+  {0x15, 0x38,}, {0x14, 0xfa,}, {0x16, 0xbc,}, {0x17, 0x7e,},
+  {0x38, 0x40,}, {0x39, 0x82,}, {0x3b, 0xc4,}, {0x3a, 0x06,},
+  {0x3f, 0x48,}, {0x3e, 0x8a,}, {0x3c, 0xcc,}, {0x3d, 0x0e,},
+  {0x36, 0x50,}, {0x37, 0x92,}, {0x35, 0xd4,}, {0x34, 0x16,},
+  {0x31, 0x58,}, {0x30, 0x9a,}, {0x32, 0xdc,}, {0x33, 0x1e,},
+  {0x24, 0x60,}, {0x25, 0xa2,}, {0x27, 0xe4,}, {0x26, 0x26,},
+  {0x23, 0x68,}, {0x22, 0xaa,}, {0x20, 0xec,}, {0x21, 0x2e,},
+  {0x2a, 0x70,}, {0x2b, 0xb2,}, {0x29, 0xf4,}, {0x28, 0x36,},
+  {0x2d, 0x78,}, {0x2c, 0xba,}, {0x2e, 0xfc,}, {0x2f, 0x3e,},
+  {0x70, 0x80,}, {0x71, 0x42,}, {0x73, 0x04,}, {0x72, 0xc6,},
+  {0x77, 0x88,}, {0x76, 0x4a,}, {0x74, 0x0c,}, {0x75, 0xce,},
+  {0x7e, 0x90,}, {0x7f, 0x52,}, {0x7d, 0x14,}, {0x7c, 0xd6,},
+  {0x79, 0x98,}, {0x78, 0x5a,}, {0x7a, 0x1c,}, {0x7b, 0xde,},
+  {0x6c, 0xa0,}, {0x6d, 0x62,}, {0x6f, 0x24,}, {0x6e, 0xe6,},
+  {0x6b, 0xa8,}, {0x6a, 0x6a,}, {0x68, 0x2c,}, {0x69, 0xee,},
+  {0x62, 0xb0,}, {0x63, 0x72,}, {0x61, 0x34,}, {0x60, 0xf6,},
+  {0x65, 0xb8,}, {0x64, 0x7a,}, {0x66, 0x3c,}, {0x67, 0xfe,},
+  {0x48, 0xc0,}, {0x49, 0x02,}, {0x4b, 0x44,}, {0x4a, 0x86,},
+  {0x4f, 0xc8,}, {0x4e, 0x0a,}, {0x4c, 0x4c,}, {0x4d, 0x8e,},
+  {0x46, 0xd0,}, {0x47, 0x12,}, {0x45, 0x54,}, {0x44, 0x96,},
+  {0x41, 0xd8,}, {0x40, 0x1a,}, {0x42, 0x5c,}, {0x43, 0x9e,},
+  {0x54, 0xe0,}, {0x55, 0x22,}, {0x57, 0x64,}, {0x56, 0xa6,},
+  {0x53, 0xe8,}, {0x52, 0x2a,}, {0x50, 0x6c,}, {0x51, 0xae,},
+  {0x5a, 0xf0,}, {0x5b, 0x32,}, {0x59, 0x74,}, {0x58, 0xb6,},
+  {0x5d, 0xf8,}, {0x5c, 0x3a,}, {0x5e, 0x7c,}, {0x5f, 0xbe,},
+  {0xe1, 0x00,}, {0xe0, 0xc2,}, {0xe2, 0x84,}, {0xe3, 0x46,},
+  {0xe6, 0x08,}, {0xe7, 0xca,}, {0xe5, 0x8c,}, {0xe4, 0x4e,},
+  {0xef, 0x10,}, {0xee, 0xd2,}, {0xec, 0x94,}, {0xed, 0x56,},
+  {0xe8, 0x18,}, {0xe9, 0xda,}, {0xeb, 0x9c,}, {0xea, 0x5e,},
+  {0xfd, 0x20,}, {0xfc, 0xe2,}, {0xfe, 0xa4,}, {0xff, 0x66,},
+  {0xfa, 0x28,}, {0xfb, 0xea,}, {0xf9, 0xac,}, {0xf8, 0x6e,},
+  {0xf3, 0x30,}, {0xf2, 0xf2,}, {0xf0, 0xb4,}, {0xf1, 0x76,},
+  {0xf4, 0x38,}, {0xf5, 0xfa,}, {0xf7, 0xbc,}, {0xf6, 0x7e,},
+  {0xd9, 0x40,}, {0xd8, 0x82,}, {0xda, 0xc4,}, {0xdb, 0x06,},
+  {0xde, 0x48,}, {0xdf, 0x8a,}, {0xdd, 0xcc,}, {0xdc, 0x0e,},
+  {0xd7, 0x50,}, {0xd6, 0x92,}, {0xd4, 0xd4,}, {0xd5, 0x16,},
+  {0xd0, 0x58,}, {0xd1, 0x9a,}, {0xd3, 0xdc,}, {0xd2, 0x1e,},
+  {0xc5, 0x60,}, {0xc4, 0xa2,}, {0xc6, 0xe4,}, {0xc7, 0x26,},
+  {0xc2, 0x68,}, {0xc3, 0xaa,}, {0xc1, 0xec,}, {0xc0, 0x2e,},
+  {0xcb, 0x70,}, {0xca, 0xb2,}, {0xc8, 0xf4,}, {0xc9, 0x36,},
+  {0xcc, 0x78,}, {0xcd, 0xba,}, {0xcf, 0xfc,}, {0xce, 0x3e,},
+  {0x91, 0x80,}, {0x90, 0x42,}, {0x92, 0x04,}, {0x93, 0xc6,},
+  {0x96, 0x88,}, {0x97, 0x4a,}, {0x95, 0x0c,}, {0x94, 0xce,},
+  {0x9f, 0x90,}, {0x9e, 0x52,}, {0x9c, 0x14,}, {0x9d, 0xd6,},
+  {0x98, 0x98,}, {0x99, 0x5a,}, {0x9b, 0x1c,}, {0x9a, 0xde,},
+  {0x8d, 0xa0,}, {0x8c, 0x62,}, {0x8e, 0x24,}, {0x8f, 0xe6,},
+  {0x8a, 0xa8,}, {0x8b, 0x6a,}, {0x89, 0x2c,}, {0x88, 0xee,},
+  {0x83, 0xb0,}, {0x82, 0x72,}, {0x80, 0x34,}, {0x81, 0xf6,},
+  {0x84, 0xb8,}, {0x85, 0x7a,}, {0x87, 0x3c,}, {0x86, 0xfe,},
+  {0xa9, 0xc0,}, {0xa8, 0x02,}, {0xaa, 0x44,}, {0xab, 0x86,},
+  {0xae, 0xc8,}, {0xaf, 0x0a,}, {0xad, 0x4c,}, {0xac, 0x8e,},
+  {0xa7, 0xd0,}, {0xa6, 0x12,}, {0xa4, 0x54,}, {0xa5, 0x96,},
+  {0xa0, 0xd8,}, {0xa1, 0x1a,}, {0xa3, 0x5c,}, {0xa2, 0x9e,},
+  {0xb5, 0xe0,}, {0xb4, 0x22,}, {0xb6, 0x64,}, {0xb7, 0xa6,},
+  {0xb2, 0xe8,}, {0xb3, 0x2a,}, {0xb1, 0x6c,}, {0xb0, 0xae,},
+  {0xbb, 0xf0,}, {0xba, 0x32,}, {0xb8, 0x74,}, {0xb9, 0xb6,},
+  {0xbc, 0xf8,}, {0xbd, 0x3a,}, {0xbf, 0x7c,}, {0xbe, 0xbe,},
+};
+
+static unsigned
+bshift (unsigned char *b)
+{
+  unsigned char c;
+  int i;
+  c = b[15] & 1;
+  for (i = 15; i > 0; i--)
+    {
+      b[i] = (b[i] >> 1) | (b[i - 1] << 7);
+    }
+  b[i] >>= 1;
+  return c;
+}
+
+static void
+fillM (unsigned char *h, unsigned char *M)
+{
+  int i, j;
+  memset (&M[0 * 16], 0, 16);
+  memcpy (&M[8 * 16], h, 16);
+  for (i = 4; i > 0; i /= 2)
+    {
+      memcpy (&M[i * 16], &M[2 * i * 16], 16);
+      if (bshift (&M[i * 16]))
+        M[i * 16 + 0] ^= 0xe1;
+    }
+  for (i = 2; i < 16; i *= 2)
+    for (j = 1; j < i; j++)
+      buf_xor (&M[(i + j) * 16], &M[i * 16], &M[j * 16], 16);
+}
+
+static void
+ghash (unsigned char *result, const unsigned char *buf,
+       const unsigned char *gcmM)
+{
+  unsigned char V[16];
+  int i;
+
+  buf_xor (V, result, buf, 16);
+
+  memset (result, 0, 16);
+
+  for (i = 15; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+      byte A = result[15];
+      byte T[16];
+      int j;
+      const byte *M = &gcmM[(V[i] & 0xf) * 16];
+
+      memmove (result + 1, result, 15);
+      result[0] = gcmR[A][0];
+      result[1] ^= gcmR[A][1];
+
+      T[0] = M[0] >> 4;
+      for (j = 1; j < 16; j++)
+        T[j] = (M[j] >> 4) | (M[j - 1] << 4);
+      T[0] ^= gcmR[(M[15] & 0xf) << 4][0];
+      T[1] ^= gcmR[(M[15] & 0xf) << 4][1];
+      buf_xor (T, T, &gcmM[(V[i] >> 4) * 16], 16);
+      buf_xor (result, result, T, 16);
+    }
+}
+
+#define GHASH(c, result, buf) ghash (result, buf, c->gcm_table);
+
+#else
+
+static unsigned long
+bshift (unsigned long *b)
+{
+  unsigned long c;
+  int i;
+  c = b[3] & 1;
+  for (i = 3; i > 0; i--)
+    {
+      b[i] = (b[i] >> 1) | (b[i - 1] << 31);
+    }
+  b[i] >>= 1;
+  return c;
+}
+
+static void
+ghash (unsigned char *hsub, unsigned char *result, const unsigned char *buf)
+{
+  unsigned long V[4];
+  int i, j;
+  byte *p;
+
+#ifdef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+  p = result;
+#else
+  unsigned long T[4];
+
+  buf_xor (V, result, buf, 16);
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+    {
+      V[i] = (V[i] & 0x00ff00ff) << 8 | (V[i] & 0xff00ff00) >> 8;
+      V[i] = (V[i] & 0x0000ffff) << 16 | (V[i] & 0xffff0000) >> 16;
+    }
+  p = (byte *) T;
+#endif
+
+  memset (p, 0, 16);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    {
+      for (j = 0x80; j; j >>= 1)
+        {
+          if (hsub[i] & j)
+            buf_xor (p, p, V, 16);
+          if (bshift (V))
+            V[0] ^= 0xe1000000;
+        }
+    }
+#ifndef WORDS_BIGENDIAN
+  for (i = 0, p = (byte *) T; i < 16; i += 4, p += 4)
+    {
+      result[i + 0] = p[3];
+      result[i + 1] = p[2];
+      result[i + 2] = p[1];
+      result[i + 3] = p[0];
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+#define fillM(h, M) do { } while (0)
+
+#define GHASH(c, result, buf) ghash (c->u_iv.iv, result, buf);
+#endif
+
+
+gcry_err_code_t
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_encrypt (gcry_cipher_hd_t c,
+                          byte * outbuf, unsigned int outbuflen,
+                          const byte * inbuf, unsigned int inbuflen)
+{
+  unsigned int n;
+  int i;
+  unsigned int blocksize = c->spec->blocksize;
+  unsigned char tmp[MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
+
+  if (blocksize >= 0x20)
+    return GPG_ERR_CIPHER_ALGO;
+  if (blocksize != 0x10)
+    return GPG_ERR_CIPHER_ALGO;
+  if (outbuflen < inbuflen)
+    return GPG_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SHORT;
+
+  if (!c->marks.iv)
+    {
+      memset (tmp, 0, 16);
+      _gcry_cipher_gcm_setiv (c, tmp, 16);
+    }
+
+  while (inbuflen)
+    {
+      for (i = blocksize; i > blocksize - 4; i--)
+        {
+          c->u_ctr.ctr[i - 1]++;
+          if (c->u_ctr.ctr[i - 1] != 0)
+            break;
+        }
+
+      n = blocksize < inbuflen ? blocksize : inbuflen;
+
+      i = blocksize - 1;
+      c->length[i] += n * 8;
+      for (; c->length[i] == 0 && i > blocksize / 2; i--)
+        c->length[i - 1]++;
+
+      c->spec->encrypt (&c->context.c, tmp, c->u_ctr.ctr);
+      if (n < blocksize)
+        {
+          buf_xor_2dst (outbuf, tmp, inbuf, n);
+          memset (tmp + n, 0, blocksize - n);
+          GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, tmp);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          buf_xor (outbuf, tmp, inbuf, n);
+          GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, outbuf);
+        }
+
+      inbuflen -= n;
+      outbuf += n;
+      inbuf += n;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+gcry_err_code_t
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_decrypt (gcry_cipher_hd_t c,
+                          byte * outbuf, unsigned int outbuflen,
+                          const byte * inbuf, unsigned int inbuflen)
+{
+  unsigned int n;
+  int i;
+  unsigned int blocksize = c->spec->blocksize;
+  unsigned char tmp[MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
+
+  if (blocksize >= 0x20)
+    return GPG_ERR_CIPHER_ALGO;
+  if (blocksize != 0x10)
+    return GPG_ERR_CIPHER_ALGO;
+  if (outbuflen < inbuflen)
+    return GPG_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SHORT;
+
+  if (!c->marks.iv)
+    {
+      memset (tmp, 0, 16);
+      _gcry_cipher_gcm_setiv (c, tmp, 16);
+    }
+
+  while (inbuflen)
+    {
+      for (i = blocksize; i > blocksize - 4; i--)
+        {
+          c->u_ctr.ctr[i - 1]++;
+          if (c->u_ctr.ctr[i - 1] != 0)
+            break;
+        }
+
+      n = blocksize < inbuflen ? blocksize : inbuflen;
+      if (n < blocksize)
+        {
+          memcpy (tmp, inbuf, n);
+          memset (tmp + n, 0, blocksize - n);
+          GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, tmp);
+        }
+      else
+        {
+          GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, inbuf);
+        }
+
+      i = blocksize - 1;
+      c->length[i] += n * 8;
+      for (; c->length[i] == 0 && i > blocksize / 2; i--)
+        c->length[i - 1]++;
+
+      c->spec->encrypt (&c->context.c, tmp, c->u_ctr.ctr);
+
+      buf_xor (outbuf, inbuf, tmp, n);
+
+      inbuflen -= n;
+      outbuf += n;
+      inbuf += n;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+gcry_err_code_t
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_authenticate (gcry_cipher_hd_t c,
+                               const byte * aadbuf, unsigned int aadbuflen)
+{
+  unsigned int n;
+  int i;
+  unsigned int blocksize = c->spec->blocksize;
+  unsigned char tmp[MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
+
+  if (!c->marks.iv)
+    {
+      memset (tmp, 0, 16);
+      _gcry_cipher_gcm_setiv (c, tmp, 16);
+    }
+
+  n = aadbuflen;
+  i = blocksize / 2;
+  c->length[i - 1] = (n % 0x20) * 8;
+  n /= 0x20;
+  for (; n && i > 0; i--, n >>= 8)
+    c->length[i - 1] = n & 0xff;
+
+  while (aadbuflen >= blocksize)
+    {
+      GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, aadbuf);
+
+      aadbuflen -= blocksize;
+      aadbuf += blocksize;
+    }
+
+  if (aadbuflen != 0)
+    {
+      memcpy (tmp, aadbuf, aadbuflen);
+      memset (tmp + aadbuflen, 0, blocksize - aadbuflen);
+
+      GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, tmp);
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_setiv (gcry_cipher_hd_t c,
+                        const byte * iv, unsigned int ivlen)
+{
+  memset (c->length, 0, 16);
+  memset (c->u_tag.tag, 0, 16);
+  c->spec->encrypt (&c->context.c, c->u_iv.iv, c->u_tag.tag);
+
+  fillM (c->u_iv.iv, c->gcm_table);
+
+  if (ivlen != 16 - 4)
+    {
+      unsigned char tmp[MAX_BLOCKSIZE];
+      unsigned n;
+      memset (c->u_ctr.ctr, 0, 16);
+      for (n = ivlen; n >= 16; n -= 16, iv += 16)
+        GHASH (c, c->u_ctr.ctr, iv);
+      if (n != 0)
+        {
+          memcpy (tmp, iv, n);
+          memset (tmp + n, 0, 16 - n);
+          GHASH (c, c->u_ctr.ctr, tmp);
+        }
+      memset (tmp, 0, 16);
+      n = 16;
+      tmp[n - 1] = (ivlen % 0x20) * 8;
+      ivlen /= 0x20;
+      n--;
+      for (; n > 0; n--, ivlen >>= 8)
+        tmp[n - 1] = ivlen & 0xff;
+      GHASH (c, c->u_ctr.ctr, tmp);
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      memcpy (c->u_ctr.ctr, iv, ivlen);
+      c->u_ctr.ctr[12] = c->u_ctr.ctr[13] = c->u_ctr.ctr[14] = 0;
+      c->u_ctr.ctr[15] = 1;
+    }
+
+  c->spec->encrypt (&c->context.c, c->lastiv, c->u_ctr.ctr);
+  c->marks.iv = 1;
+
+}
+
+static gcry_err_code_t
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_tag (gcry_cipher_hd_t c,
+                      byte * outbuf, unsigned int outbuflen, int check)
+{
+  if (outbuflen < 16)
+    return GPG_ERR_BUFFER_TOO_SHORT;
+
+  if (!c->marks.tag)
+    {
+      GHASH (c, c->u_tag.tag, c->length);
+      buf_xor (c->u_tag.tag, c->lastiv, c->u_tag.tag, 16);
+      c->marks.tag = 1;
+    }
+  memcpy (outbuf, c->u_tag.tag, 16);
+  if (!check)
+    {
+      memcpy (outbuf, c->u_tag.tag, outbuflen);
+      return GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+  else
+    {
+      int diff, i;
+
+      /* Constant-time compare. */
+      for (i = 0, diff = 0; i < outbuflen; i++)
+        diff -= ! !(outbuf[i] - c->u_tag.tag[i]);
+
+      return !diff ? GPG_ERR_NO_ERROR : GPG_ERR_CHECKSUM;
+    }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+gcry_err_code_t
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_get_tag (gcry_cipher_hd_t c, unsigned char *outtag,
+                          size_t taglen)
+{
+  return _gcry_cipher_gcm_tag (c, outtag, taglen, 0);
+}
+
+
+gcry_err_code_t
+_gcry_cipher_gcm_check_tag (gcry_cipher_hd_t c, const unsigned char *intag,
+                            size_t taglen)
+{
+  return _gcry_cipher_gcm_tag (c, (unsigned char *) intag, taglen, 1);
+}