diff options
| author | Evan Huus <eapache@gmail.com> | 2013-06-20 22:46:08 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Evan Huus <eapache@gmail.com> | 2013-06-20 22:46:08 +0000 |
| commit | 602cf9cd4ea61bf92814a23989ef140a5f200b79 (patch) | |
| tree | 41b19f7079de2d3f09bf254837f8222f92f13102 /doc/README.developer | |
| parent | 369658c499037ce52de535f8390b472588dabc4d (diff) | |
| download | wireshark-602cf9cd4ea61bf92814a23989ef140a5f200b79.tar.gz | |
Split README.developer into two: README.developer and README.dissector. All the
documentation specific to dissectors should now live in README.dissector - what
remains in README.developer should be useful to anybody coding on Wireshark
regardless of if you're working on the GUI, wiretap, dissectors, etc.
This first pass I did a fairly dumb split of copy-pasting relevant chunks from
one file to the other. There are probably fragments that aren't in the right
file anymore, so cleanup welcome.
svn path=/trunk/; revision=50092
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/README.developer')
| -rw-r--r-- | doc/README.developer | 3147 |
1 files changed, 16 insertions, 3131 deletions
diff --git a/doc/README.developer b/doc/README.developer index cc7270ea84..0581df56be 100644 --- a/doc/README.developer +++ b/doc/README.developer @@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ $Date$ $Author$ Tabsize: 4 -This file is a HOWTO for Wireshark developers. It describes how to start coding -a Wireshark protocol dissector and the use of some of the important functions -and variables. +This file is a HOWTO for Wireshark developers. It describes general development +and coding practices for contributing to Wireshark no matter which part of +Wireshark you want to work on. + +To learn how to write a dissector, read this first, then read the file +README.dissector. This file is compiled to give in depth information on Wireshark. It is by no means all inclusive and complete. Please feel free to send @@ -41,8 +44,8 @@ You'll find additional information in the following README files: 0.2. Dissector related README files. -You'll find additional dissector related information in the following README -files: +You'll find additional dissector related information in the file +README.dissector as well as the following README files: - README.binarytrees - fast access to large data collections - README.heuristic - what are heuristic dissectors and how to write them @@ -62,15 +65,7 @@ Gerald Combs <gerald[AT]wireshark.org> Guy Harris <guy[AT]alum.mit.edu> Ulf Lamping <ulf.lamping[AT]web.de> -1. Setting up your protocol dissector code. - -This section provides skeleton code for a protocol dissector. It also explains -the basic functions needed to enter values in the traffic summary columns, -add to the protocol tree, and work with registered header fields. - -1.1 Code style. - -1.1.1 Portability. +1. Portability. Wireshark runs on many platforms, and can be compiled with a number of different compilers; here are some rules for writing code that will work @@ -443,7 +438,7 @@ your dissector, protect libgcrypt calls with #ifdef HAVE_LIBGCRYPT. Don't include gcrypt.h directly, include the wrapper file wsutil/wsgcrypt.h instead. -1.1.2 String handling +2. String handling Do not use functions such as strcat() or strcpy(). A lot of work has been done to remove the existing calls to these functions and @@ -529,19 +524,19 @@ if the compiler doesn't fail, there is no guarantee that the compiler, or a developer's text editor, will interpret the characters the way you intend them to be interpreted. -1.1.3 Robustness. +3. Robustness. Wireshark is not guaranteed to read only network traces that contain correctly- formed packets. Wireshark is commonly used to track down networking problems, and the problems might be due to a buggy protocol implementation sending out bad packets. -Therefore, protocol dissectors not only have to be able to handle +Therefore, code does not only have to be able to handle correctly-formed packets without, for example, crashing or looping infinitely, they also have to be able to handle *incorrectly*-formed packets without crashing or looping infinitely. -Here are some suggestions for making dissectors more robust in the face +Here are some suggestions for making code more robust in the face of incorrectly-formed packets: Do *NOT* use "g_assert()" or "g_assert_not_reached()" in dissectors. @@ -682,7 +677,7 @@ Testing using editcap can be done using preexisting capture files and the The script fuzz-test.sh is available to help automate these tests. -1.1.4 Name convention. +4. Name convention. Wireshark uses the underscore_convention rather than the InterCapConvention for function names, so new code should probably use underscores rather than @@ -690,7 +685,7 @@ intercaps for functions and variable names. This is especially important if you are writing code that will be called from outside your code. We are just trying to keep things consistent for other developers. -1.1.5 White space convention. +5. White space convention. Avoid using tab expansions different from 8 column widths, as not all text editors in use by the developers support this. For a detailed @@ -713,7 +708,7 @@ utility on an existing file. If you run across wildly varying indentation styles within the same file, it might be helpful to send a note to wireshark-dev for guidance. -1.1.6 Compiler warnings +6. Compiler warnings You should write code that is free of compiler warnings. Such warnings will often indicate questionable code and sometimes even real bugs, so it's best @@ -722,3116 +717,6 @@ to avoid warnings at all. The compiler flags in the Makefiles are set to "treat warnings as errors", so your code won't even compile when warnings occur. -1.2 Skeleton code. - -Wireshark requires certain things when setting up a protocol dissector. -We provide basic skeleton code for a dissector that you can copy to a new file -and fill in. Your dissector should follow the naming convention of "packet-" -followed by the abbreviated name for the protocol. It is recommended that where -possible you keep to the IANA abbreviated name for the protocol, if there is -one, or a commonly-used abbreviation for the protocol, if any. - -The skeleton code lives in the file "packet-PROTOABBREV.c" in the same source -directory as this README. - -If instead of using the skeleton you base your dissector on an existing real -dissector, please put a little note in the copyright header indicating which -dissector you started with. - -Usually, you will put your newly created dissector file into the directory -epan/dissectors/, just like all the other packet-*.c files already in there. - -Also, please add your dissector file to the corresponding makefiles, -described in section "1.9 Editing Makefile.common and CMakeLists.txt -to add your dissector" below. - -Dissectors that use the dissector registration API to register with a lower -level protocol (this is the vast majority) don't need to define a prototype in -their .h file. For other dissectors the main dissector routine should have a -prototype in a header file whose name is "packet-", followed by the abbreviated -name for the protocol, followed by ".h"; any dissector file that calls your -dissector should be changed to include that file. - -You may not need to include all the headers listed in the skeleton, and you may -need to include additional headers. - -The "$Id$" tag in the header comment will be updated by Subversion when the file -is checked in. - -1.3 Explanation of needed substitutions in code skeleton. - -In the skeleton sample code the following strings should be substituted with -your information. - -YOUR_NAME Your name, of course. You do want credit, don't you? - It's the only payment you will receive.... -YOUR_EMAIL_ADDRESS Keep those cards and letters coming. -PROTONAME The name of the protocol; this is displayed in the - top-level protocol tree item for that protocol. -PROTOSHORTNAME An abbreviated name for the protocol; this is displayed - in the "Preferences" dialog box if your dissector has - any preferences, in the dialog box of enabled protocols, - and in the dialog box for filter fields when constructing - a filter expression. -PROTOABBREV A name for the protocol for use in filter expressions; - it shall contain only lower-case letters, digits, and hyphens. -FIELDNAME The displayed name for the header field. -FIELDABBREV The abbreviated name for the header field. (NO SPACES) -FIELDTYPE FT_NONE, FT_BOOLEAN, FT_UINT8, FT_UINT16, FT_UINT24, - FT_UINT32, FT_UINT64, FT_INT8, FT_INT16, FT_INT24, FT_INT32, - FT_INT64, FT_FLOAT, FT_DOUBLE, FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME, - FT_RELATIVE_TIME, FT_STRING, FT_STRINGZ, FT_EUI64, - FT_UINT_STRING, FT_ETHER, FT_BYTES, FT_UINT_BYTES, FT_IPv4, - FT_IPv6, FT_IPXNET, FT_FRAMENUM, FT_PROTOCOL, FT_GUID, FT_OID -FIELDDISPLAY --For FT_UINT{8,16,24,32,64} and FT_INT{8,16,24,32,64): - - BASE_DEC, BASE_HEX, BASE_OCT, BASE_DEC_HEX, BASE_HEX_DEC, - or BASE_CUSTOM, possibly ORed with BASE_RANGE_STRING or - BASE_EXT_STRING - - --For FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME: - - ABSOLUTE_TIME_LOCAL, ABSOLUTE_TIME_UTC, or - ABSOLUTE_TIME_DOY_UTC - - --For FT_BOOLEAN: - - if BITMASK is non-zero: - Number of bits in the field containing the FT_BOOLEAN - bitfield. - otherwise: - (must be) BASE_NONE - - --For all other types: - - BASE_NONE -FIELDCONVERT VALS(x), RVALS(x), TFS(x), NULL -BITMASK Used to mask a field not 8-bit aligned or with a size other - than a multiple of 8 bits -FIELDDESCR A brief description of the field, or NULL. [Please do not use ""]. -PARENT_SUBFIELD Lower level protocol field used for lookup, i.e. "tcp.port" -ID_VALUE Lower level protocol field value that identifies this protocol - For example the TCP or UDP port number - -If, for example, PROTONAME is "Internet Bogosity Discovery Protocol", -PROTOSHORTNAME would be "IBDP", and PROTOABBREV would be "ibdp". Try to -conform with IANA names. - -1.4 The dissector and the data it receives. - - -1.4.1 Header file. - -This is only needed if the dissector doesn't use self-registration to -register itself with the lower level dissector, or if the protocol dissector -wants/needs to expose code to other subdissectors. - -The dissector must be declared exactly as follows in the file -packet-PROTOABBREV.h: - -int -dissect_PROTOABBREV(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree); - - -1.4.2 Extracting data from packets. - -NOTE: See the file /epan/tvbuff.h for more details. - -The "tvb" argument to a dissector points to a buffer containing the raw -data to be analyzed by the dissector; for example, for a protocol -running atop UDP, it contains the UDP payload (but not the UDP header, -or any protocol headers above it). A tvbuffer is an opaque data -structure, the internal data structures are hidden and the data must be -accessed via the tvbuffer accessors. - -The accessors are: - -Bit accessors for a maximum of 8-bits, 16-bits 32-bits and 64-bits: - -guint8 tvb_get_bits8(tvbuff_t *tvb, gint bit_offset, const gint no_of_bits); -guint16 tvb_get_bits16(tvbuff_t *tvb, guint bit_offset, const gint no_of_bits, const guint encoding); -guint32 tvb_get_bits32(tvbuff_t *tvb, guint bit_offset, const gint no_of_bits, const guint encoding); -guint64 tvb_get_bits64(tvbuff_t *tvb, guint bit_offset, const gint no_of_bits, const guint encoding); - -Single-byte accessor: - -guint8 tvb_get_guint8(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); - -Network-to-host-order accessors for 16-bit integers (guint16), 24-bit -integers, 32-bit integers (guint32), 40-bit integers, 48-bit integers, -56-bit integers and 64-bit integers (guint64): - -guint16 tvb_get_ntohs(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint32 tvb_get_ntoh24(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint32 tvb_get_ntohl(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_ntoh40(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_ntoh48(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_ntoh56(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_ntoh64(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); - -Network-to-host-order accessors for single-precision and -double-precision IEEE floating-point numbers: - -gfloat tvb_get_ntohieee_float(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -gdouble tvb_get_ntohieee_double(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); - -Little-Endian-to-host-order accessors for 16-bit integers (guint16), -24-bit integers, 32-bit integers (guint32), 40-bit integers, 48-bit -integers, 56-bit integers, and 64-bit integers (guint64): - -guint16 tvb_get_letohs(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint32 tvb_get_letoh24(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint32 tvb_get_letohl(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_letoh40(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_letoh48(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_letoh56(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -guint64 tvb_get_letoh64(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); - -Little-Endian-to-host-order accessors for single-precision and -double-precision IEEE floating-point numbers: - -gfloat tvb_get_letohieee_float(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -gdouble tvb_get_letohieee_double(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); - -Accessors for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: - -guint32 tvb_get_ipv4(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset); -void tvb_get_ipv6(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, struct e_in6_addr *addr); - -NOTE: IPv4 addresses are not to be converted to host byte order before -being passed to "proto_tree_add_ipv4()". You should use "tvb_get_ipv4()" -to fetch them, not "tvb_get_ntohl()" *OR* "tvb_get_letohl()" - don't, -for example, try to use "tvb_get_ntohl()", find that it gives you the -wrong answer on the PC on which you're doing development, and try -"tvb_get_letohl()" instead, as "tvb_get_letohl()" will give the wrong -answer on big-endian machines. - -gchar *tvb_ip_to_str(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset) -gchar *tvb_ip6_to_str(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset) - -Returns a null-terminated buffer containing a string with IPv4 or IPv6 Address -from the specified tvbuff, starting at the specified offset. - -Accessors for GUID: - -void tvb_get_ntohguid(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, e_guid_t *guid); -void tvb_get_letohguid(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, e_guid_t *guid); -void tvb_get_guid(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, e_guid_t *guid, const guint representation); - -String accessors: - -guint8 *tvb_get_string(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const gint length); -gchar *tvb_get_unicode_string(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint length, const guint encoding); -guint8 *tvb_get_ephemeral_string(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const gint length); -guint8 *tvb_get_ephemeral_string_enc(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const gint length, const guint encoding); -gchar *tvb_get_ephemeral_unicode_string(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint length, const guint encoding); -guint8 *tvb_get_seasonal_string(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const gint length); - -Returns a null-terminated buffer containing data from the specified -tvbuff, starting at the specified offset, and containing the specified -length worth of characters (the length of the buffer will be length+1, -as it includes a null character to terminate the string). - -tvb_get_string() returns a buffer allocated by g_malloc() so you must -g_free() it when you are finished with the string. Failure to g_free() this -buffer will lead to memory leaks. - -tvb_get_unicode_string() is a unicode (UTF-16) version of above. This -is intended for reading UTF-16 unicode strings out of a tvbuff and -returning them as a UTF-8 string for use in Wireshark. The offset and -returned length pointer are in bytes, not UTF-16 characters. - -tvb_get_ephemeral_string() returns a buffer allocated from a special heap -with a lifetime until the next packet is dissected. You do not need to -free() this buffer, it will happen automatically once the next packet is -dissected. - -tvb_get_ephemeral_unicode_string() is a unicode (UTF-16) version of above. -This is intended for reading UTF-16 unicode strings out of a tvbuff and -returning them as a UTF-8 string for use in Wireshark. The offset and -returned length pointer are in bytes, not UTF-16 characters. - -tvb_get_seasonal_string() returns a buffer allocated from a special heap -with a lifetime of the current capture session. You do not need to -free() this buffer, it will happen automatically once the a new capture or -file is opened. - -guint8 *tvb_get_stringz(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp); -guint8 *tvb_get_stringz_enc(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp, const guint encoding); -const guint8 *tvb_get_const stringz(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp); -guint8 *tvb_get_ephemeral_stringz(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp); -guint8 *tvb_get_ephemeral_stringz_enc(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp, const guint encoding); -gchar *tvb_get_ephemeral_unicode_stringz(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp, const guint encoding); -guint8 *tvb_get_seasonal_stringz(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, gint *lengthp); -gint tvb_get_nstringz(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const guint bufsize, guint8* buffer); -gint tvb_get_nstringz0(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const guint bufsize, guint8* buffer); - -Returns a null-terminated buffer containing data from the specified tvbuff, -starting at the specified offset, and containing all characters from the -tvbuff up to and including a terminating null character in the tvbuff. -"*lengthp" will be set to the length of the string, including the terminating -null. - -tvb_get_stringz() returns a buffer allocated by g_malloc() so you must -g_free() it when you are finished with the string. Failure to g_free() this -buffer will lead to memory leaks. - -tvb_get_const_stringz() returns a pointer to the (const) string in the tvbuff. -You do not need to free() this buffer, it will happen automatically once the -next packet is dissected. This function is slightly more efficient than the -others because it does not allocate memory and copy the string. - -tvb_get_ephemeral_stringz() returns a buffer allocated from a special heap -with a lifetime until the next packet is dissected. You do not need to -free() this buffer, it will happen automatically once the next packet is -dissected. - -tvb_get_ephemeral_unicode_stringz() is a unicode (UTF-16) version of -above. This is intended for reading UTF-16 unicode strings out of a tvbuff -and returning them as a UTF-8 string for use in Wireshark. The offset and -returned length pointer are in bytes, not UTF-16 characters. - -tvb_get_seasonal_stringz() returns a buffer allocated from a special heap -with a lifetime of the current capture session. You do not need to -free() this buffer, it will happen automatically once the a new capture or -file is opened. - -tvb_fake_unicode() has been superseded by tvb_get_unicode_string(), which -properly handles Unicode (UTF-16) strings by converting them to UTF-8. - -tvb_get_ephemeral_faked_unicode() has been superseded by -tvb_get_ephemeral_string(), which properly handles Unicode (UTF-16) strings by -converting them to UTF-8. - -Byte Array Accessors: - -gchar *tvb_bytes_to_str(tvbuff_t *tvb, gint offset, gint len); - -Formats a bunch of data from a tvbuff as bytes, returning a pointer -to the string with the data formatted as two hex digits for each byte. -The string pointed to is stored in an "ep_alloc'd" buffer which will be freed -before the next frame is dissected. The formatted string will contain the hex digits -for at most the first 16 bytes of the data. If len is greater than 16 bytes, a -trailing "..." will be added to the string. - -gchar *tvb_bytes_to_str_punct(tvbuff_t *tvb, gint offset, gint len, gchar punct); - -This function is similar to tvb_bytes_to_str(...) except that 'punct' is inserted -between the hex representation of each byte. - -gchar *tvb_bcd_dig_to_ep_str(tvbuff_t *tvb, const gint offset, const gint len, dgt_set_t *dgt, gboolean skip_first); - -Given a tvbuff, an offset into the tvbuff, and a length that starts -at that offset (which may be -1 for "all the way to the end of the -tvbuff"), fetch BCD encoded digits from a tvbuff starting from either -the low or high half byte, formatting the digits according to an input digit set, -if NUll a default digit set of 0-9 returning "?" for overdecadic digits will be used. -A pointer to the EP allocated string will be returned. -Note: a tvbuff content of 0xf is considered a 'filler' and will end the conversion. - -Copying memory: -guint8* tvb_memcpy(tvbuff_t *tvb, guint8* target, gint offset, gint length); - -Copies into the specified target the specified length's worth of data -from the specified tvbuff, starting at the specified offset. - -guint8* tvb_memdup(tvbuff_t *tvb, gint offset, gint length); -guint8* ep_tvb_memdup(tvbuff_t *tvb, gint offset, gint length); - -Returns a buffer, allocated with "g_malloc()", containing the specified -length's worth of data from the specified tvbuff, starting at the -specified offset. The ephemeral variant is freed automatically after the -packet is dissected. - -Pointer-retrieval: -/* WARNING! Don't use this function. There is almost always a better way. - * It's dangerous because once this pointer is given to the user, there's - * no guarantee that the user will honor the 'length' and not overstep the - * boundaries of the buffer. Also see the warning in the Portability section. - */ -guint8* tvb_get_ptr(tvbuff_t *tvb, gint offset, gint length); - - -1.5 Functions to handle columns in the traffic summary window. - -The topmost pane of the main window is a list of the packets in the -capture, possibly filtered by a display filter. - -Each line corresponds to a packet, and has one or more columns, as -configured by the user. - -Many of the columns are handled by code outside individual dissectors; -most dissectors need only specify the value to put in the "Protocol" and -"Info" columns. - -Columns are specified by COL_ values; the COL_ value for the "Protocol" -field, typically giving an abbreviated name for the protocol (but not -the all-lower-case abbreviation used elsewhere) is COL_PROTOCOL, and the -COL_ value for the "Info" field, giving a summary of the contents of the -packet for that protocol, is COL_INFO. - -The value for a column can be specified with one of several functions, -all of which take the 'fd' argument to the dissector as their first -argument, and the COL_ value for the column as their second argument. - -1.5.1 The col_set_str function. - -'col_set_str' takes a string as its third argument, and sets the value -for the column to that value. It assumes that the pointer passed to it -points to a string constant or a static "const" array, not to a -variable, as it doesn't copy the string, it merely saves the pointer -value; the argument can itself be a variable, as long as it always -points to a string constant or a static "const" array. - -It is more efficient than 'col_add_str' or 'col_add_fstr'; however, if -the dissector will be using 'col_append_str' or 'col_append_fstr" to -append more information to the column, the string will have to be copied -anyway, so it's best to use 'col_add_str' rather than 'col_set_str' in -that case. - -For example, to set the "Protocol" column -to "PROTOABBREV": - - col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_PROTOCOL, "PROTOABBREV"); - - -1.5.2 The col_add_str function. - -'col_add_str' takes a string as its third argument, and sets the value -for the column to that value. It takes the same arguments as -'col_set_str', but copies the string, so that if the string is, for -example, an automatic variable that won't remain in scope when the -dissector returns, it's safe to use. - - -1.5.3 The col_add_fstr function. - -'col_add_fstr' takes a 'printf'-style format string as its third -argument, and 'printf'-style arguments corresponding to '%' format -items in that string as its subsequent arguments. For example, to set -the "Info" field to "<XXX> request, <N> bytes", where "reqtype" is a -string containing the type of the request in the packet and "n" is an -unsigned integer containing the number of bytes in the request: - - col_add_fstr(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "%s request, %u bytes", - reqtype, n); - -Don't use 'col_add_fstr' with a format argument of just "%s" - -'col_add_str', or possibly even 'col_set_str' if the string that matches -the "%s" is a static constant string, will do the same job more -efficiently. - - -1.5.4 The col_clear function. - -If the Info column will be filled with information from the packet, that -means that some data will be fetched from the packet before the Info -column is filled in. If the packet is so small that the data in -question cannot be fetched, the routines to fetch the data will throw an -exception (see the comment at the beginning about tvbuffers improving -the handling of short packets - the tvbuffers keep track of how much -data is in the packet, and throw an exception on an attempt to fetch -data past the end of the packet, so that the dissector won't process -bogus data), causing the Info column not to be filled in. - -This means that the Info column will have data for the previous -protocol, which would be confusing if, for example, the Protocol column -had data for this protocol. - -Therefore, before a dissector fetches any data whatsoever from the -packet (unless it's a heuristic dissector fetching data to determine -whether the packet is one that it should dissect, in which case it -should check, before fetching the data, whether there's any data to -fetch; if there isn't, it should return FALSE), it should set the -Protocol column and the Info column. - -If the Protocol column will ultimately be set to, for example, a value -containing a protocol version number, with the version number being a -field in the packet, the dissector should, before fetching the version -number field or any other field from the packet, set it to a value -without a version number, using 'col_set_str', and should later set it -to a value with the version number after it's fetched the version -number. - -If the Info column will ultimately be set to a value containing -information from the packet, the dissector should, before fetching any -fields from the packet, clear the column using 'col_clear' (which is -more efficient than clearing it by calling 'col_set_str' or -'col_add_str' with a null string), and should later set it to the real -string after it's fetched the data to use when doing that. - - -1.5.5 The col_append_str function. - -Sometimes the value of a column, especially the "Info" column, can't be -conveniently constructed at a single point in the dissection process; -for example, it might contain small bits of information from many of the -fields in the packet. 'col_append_str' takes, as arguments, the same -arguments as 'col_add_str', but the string is appended to the end of the -current value for the column, rather than replacing the value for that -column. (Note that no blank separates the appended string from the -string to which it is appended; if you want a blank there, you must add -it yourself as part of the string being appended.) - - -1.5.6 The col_append_fstr function. - -'col_append_fstr' is to 'col_add_fstr' as 'col_append_str' is to -'col_add_str' - it takes, as arguments, the same arguments as -'col_add_fstr', but the formatted string is appended to the end of the -current value for the column, rather than replacing the value for that -column. - -1.5.7 The col_append_sep_str and col_append_sep_fstr functions. - -In specific situations the developer knows that a column's value will be -created in a stepwise manner, where the appended values are listed. Both -'col_append_sep_str' and 'col_append_sep_fstr' functions will add an item -separator between two consecutive items, and will not add the separator at the -beginning of the column. The remainder of the work both functions do is -identical to what 'col_append_str' and 'col_append_fstr' do. - -1.5.8 The col_set_fence and col_prepend_fence_fstr functions. - -Sometimes a dissector may be called multiple times for different PDUs in the -same frame (for example in the case of SCTP chunk bundling: several upper -layer data packets may be contained in one SCTP packet). If the upper layer -dissector calls 'col_set_str()' or 'col_clear()' on the Info column when it -begins dissecting each of those PDUs then when the frame is fully dissected -the Info column would contain only the string from the last PDU in the frame. -The 'col_set_fence' function erects a "fence" in the column that prevents -subsequent 'col_...' calls from clearing the data currently in that column. -For example, the SCTP dissector calls 'col_set_fence' on the Info column -after it has called any subdissectors for that chunk so that subdissectors -of any subsequent chunks may only append to the Info column. -'col_prepend_fence_fstr' prepends data before a fence (moving it if -necessary). It will create a fence at the end of the prepended data if the -fence does not already exist. - - -1.5.9 The col_set_time function. - -The 'col_set_time' function takes an nstime value as its third argument. -This nstime value is a relative value and will be added as such to the -column. The fourth argument is the filtername holding this value. This -way, rightclicking on the column makes it possible to build a filter -based on the time-value. - -For example: - - nstime_delta(&ts, &pinfo->fd->abs_ts, &tcpd->ts_first); - col_set_time(pinfo->cinfo, COL_REL_CONV_TIME, &ts, "tcp.time_relative"); - - -1.6 Constructing the protocol tree. - -The middle pane of the main window, and the topmost pane of a packet -popup window, are constructed from the "protocol tree" for a packet. - -The protocol tree, or proto_tree, is a GNode, the N-way tree structure -available within GLIB. Of course the protocol dissectors don't care -what a proto_tree really is; they just pass the proto_tree pointer as an -argument to the routines which allow them to add items and new branches -to the tree. - -When a packet is selected in the packet-list pane, or a packet popup -window is created, a new logical protocol tree (proto_tree) is created. -The pointer to the proto_tree (in this case, 'protocol tree'), is passed -to the top-level protocol dissector, and then to all subsequent protocol -dissectors for that packet, and then the GUI tree is drawn via -proto_tree_draw(). - -The logical proto_tree needs to know detailed information about the protocols -and fields about which information will be collected from the dissection -routines. By strictly defining (or "typing") the data that can be attached to a -proto tree, searching and filtering becomes possible. This means that for -every protocol and field (which I also call "header fields", since they are -fields in the protocol headers) which might be attached to a tree, some -information is needed. - -Every dissector routine will need to register its protocols and fields -with the central protocol routines (in proto.c). At first I thought I -might keep all the protocol and field information about all the -dissectors in one file, but decentralization seemed like a better idea. -That one file would have gotten very large; one small change would have -required a re-compilation of the entire file. Also, by allowing -registration of protocols and fields at run-time, loadable modules of -protocol dissectors (perhaps even user-supplied) is feasible. - -To do this, each protocol should have a register routine, which will be -called when Wireshark starts. The code to call the register routines is -generated automatically; to arrange that a protocol's register routine -be called at startup: - - the file containing a dissector's "register" routine must be - added to "DISSECTOR_SRC" in "epan/dissectors/Makefile.common" - (and in "epan/CMakeLists.txt"); - - the "register" routine must have a name of the form - "proto_register_XXX"; - - the "register" routine must take no argument, and return no - value; - - the "register" routine's name must appear in the source file - either at the beginning of the line, or preceded only by "void " - at the beginning of the line (that would typically be the - definition) - other white space shouldn't cause a problem, e.g.: - -void proto_register_XXX(void) { - - ... - -} - -and - -void -proto_register_XXX( void ) -{ - - ... - -} - - and so on should work. - -For every protocol or field that a dissector wants to register, a variable of -type int needs to be used to keep track of the protocol. The IDs are -needed for establishing parent/child relationships between protocols and -fields, as well as associating data with a particular field so that it -can be stored in the logical tree and displayed in the GUI protocol -tree. - -Some dissectors will need to create branches within their tree to help -organize header fields. These branches should be registered as header -fields. Only true protocols should be registered as protocols. This is -so that a display filter user interface knows how to distinguish -protocols from fields. - -A protocol is registered with the name of the protocol and its -abbreviation. - -Here is how the frame "protocol" is registered. - - int proto_frame; - - proto_frame = proto_register_protocol ( - /* name */ "Frame", - /* short name */ "Frame", - /* abbrev */ "frame" ); - -A header field is also registered with its name and abbreviation, but -information about its data type is needed. It helps to look at -the header_field_info struct to see what information is expected: - -struct header_field_info { - const char *name; - const char *abbrev; - enum ftenum type; - int display; - const void *strings; - guint32 bitmask; - const char *blurb; - ..... -}; - -name ----- -A string representing the name of the field. This is the name -that will appear in the graphical protocol tree. It must be a non-empty -string. - -abbrev ------- -A string with an abbreviation of the field. We concatenate the -abbreviation of the parent protocol with an abbreviation for the field, -using a period as a separator. For example, the "src" field in an IP packet -would have "ip.src" as an abbreviation. It is acceptable to have -multiple levels of periods if, for example, you have fields in your -protocol that are then subdivided into subfields. For example, TRMAC -has multiple error fields, so the abbreviations follow this pattern: -"trmac.errors.iso", "trmac.errors.noniso", etc. - -The abbreviation is the identifier used in a display filter. If it is -an empty string then the field will not be filterable. - -type ----- -The type of value this field holds. The current field types are: - - FT_NONE No field type. Used for fields that - aren't given a value, and that can only - be tested for presence or absence; a - field that represents a data structure, - with a subtree below it containing - fields for the members of the structure, - or that represents an array with a - subtree below it containing fields for - the members of the array, might be an - FT_NONE field. - FT_PROTOCOL Used for protocols which will be placing - themselves as top-level items in the - "Packet Details" pane of the UI. - FT_BOOLEAN 0 means "false", any other value means - "true". - FT_FRAMENUM A frame number; if this is used, the "Go - To Corresponding Frame" menu item can - work on that field. - FT_UINT8 An 8-bit unsigned integer. - FT_UINT16 A 16-bit unsigned integer. - FT_UINT24 A 24-bit unsigned integer. - FT_UINT32 A 32-bit unsigned integer. - FT_UINT64 A 64-bit unsigned integer. - FT_INT8 An 8-bit signed integer. - FT_INT16 A 16-bit signed integer. - FT_INT24 A 24-bit signed integer. - FT_INT32 A 32-bit signed integer. - FT_INT64 A 64-bit signed integer. - FT_FLOAT A single-precision floating point number. - FT_DOUBLE A double-precision floating point number. - FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME An absolute time from some fixed point in time, - displayed as the date, followed by the time, as - hours, minutes, and seconds with 9 digits after - the decimal point. - FT_RELATIVE_TIME Seconds (4 bytes) and nanoseconds (4 bytes) - of time relative to an arbitrary time. - displayed as seconds and 9 digits - after the decimal point. - FT_STRING A string of characters, not necessarily - NULL-terminated, but possibly NULL-padded. - This, and the other string-of-characters - types, are to be used for text strings, - not raw binary data. - FT_STRINGZ A NULL-terminated string of characters. - The string length is normally the length - given in the proto_tree_add_item() call. - However if the length given in the call - is -1, then the length used is that - returned by calling tvb_strsize(). - FT_UINT_STRING A counted string of characters, consisting - of a count (represented as an integral value, - of width given in the proto_tree_add_item() - call) followed immediately by that number of - characters. - FT_ETHER A six octet string displayed in - Ethernet-address format. - FT_BYTES A string of bytes with arbitrary values; - used for raw binary data. - FT_UINT_BYTES A counted string of bytes, consisting - of a count (represented as an integral value, - of width given in the proto_tree_add_item() - call) followed immediately by that number of - arbitrary values; used for raw binary data. - FT_IPv4 A version 4 IP address (4 bytes) displayed - in dotted-quad IP address format (4 - decimal numbers separated by dots). - FT_IPv6 A version 6 IP address (16 bytes) displayed - in standard IPv6 address format. - FT_IPXNET An IPX address displayed in hex as a 6-byte - network number followed by a 6-byte station - address. - FT_GUID A Globally Unique Identifier - FT_OID An ASN.1 Object Identifier - FT_EUI64 A EUI-64 Address - -Some of these field types are still not handled in the display filter -routines, but the most common ones are. The FT_UINT* variables all -represent unsigned integers, and the FT_INT* variables all represent -signed integers; the number on the end represent how many bits are used -to represent the number. - -Some constraints are imposed on the header fields depending on the type -(e.g. FT_BYTES) of the field. Fields of type FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME must use -'ABSOLUTE_TIME_{LOCAL,UTC,DOY_UTC}, NULL, 0x0' as values for the -'display, 'strings', and 'bitmask' fields, and all other non-integral -types (i.e.. types that are _not_ FT_INT* and FT_UINT*) must use -'BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0' as values for the 'display', 'strings', 'bitmask' -fields. The reason is simply that the type itself implicitly defines the -nature of 'display', 'strings', 'bitmask'. - -display -------- -The display field has a couple of overloaded uses. This is unfortunate, -but since we're using C as an application programming language, this sometimes -makes for cleaner programs. Right now I still think that overloading -this variable was okay. - -For integer fields (FT_UINT* and FT_INT*), this variable represents the -base in which you would like the value displayed. The acceptable bases -are: - - BASE_DEC, - BASE_HEX, - BASE_OCT, - BASE_DEC_HEX, - BASE_HEX_DEC, - BASE_CUSTOM - -BASE_DEC, BASE_HEX, and BASE_OCT are decimal, hexadecimal, and octal, -respectively. BASE_DEC_HEX and BASE_HEX_DEC display value in two bases -(the 1st representation followed by the 2nd in parenthesis). - -BASE_CUSTOM allows one to specify a callback function pointer that will -format the value. The function pointer of the same type as defined by -custom_fmt_func_t in epan/proto.h, specifically: - - void func(gchar *, guint32); - -The first argument is a pointer to a buffer of the ITEM_LABEL_LENGTH size -and the second argument is the value to be formatted. - -For FT_BOOLEAN fields that are also bitfields (i.e., 'bitmask' is non-zero), -'display' is used specify a "field-width" (i.e., tell the proto_tree how -wide the parent bitfield is). (If the FT_BOOLEAN 'bitmask' is zero, then -'display' must be BASE_NONE). - -For integer fields a "field-width" is not needed since the type of integer itself -(FT_UINT8, FT_UINT16, FT_UINT24, FT_UINT32, etc.) tells the proto_tree how -wide the parent bitfield is. - -For FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME fields, 'display' is used to indicate whether the -time is to be displayed as a time in the time zone for the machine on -which Wireshark/TShark is running or as UTC and, for UTC, whether the -date should be displayed as "{monthname}, {month} {day_of_month}, -{year}" or as "{year/day_of_year}". - -Additionally, BASE_NONE is used for 'display' as a NULL-value. That is, for -non-integers other than FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME fields, and non-bitfield -FT_BOOLEANs, you'll want to use BASE_NONE in the 'display' field. You may -not use BASE_NONE for integers. - -It is possible that in the future we will record the endianness of -integers. If so, it is likely that we'll use a bitmask on the display field -so that integers would be represented as BEND|BASE_DEC or LEND|BASE_HEX. -But that has not happened yet; note that there are protocols for which -no endianness is specified, such as the X11 protocol and the DCE RPC -protocol, so it would not be possible to record the endianness of all -integral fields. - -strings -------- --- value_string -Some integer fields, of type FT_UINT*, need labels to represent the true -value of a field. You could think of those fields as having an -enumerated data type, rather than an integral data type. - -A 'value_string' structure is a way to map values to strings. - - typedef struct _value_string { - guint32 value; - gchar *strptr; - } value_string; - -For fields of that type, you would declare an array of "value_string"s: - - static const value_string valstringname[] = { - { INTVAL1, "Descriptive String 1" }, - { INTVAL2, "Descriptive String 2" }, - { 0, NULL } - }; - -(the last entry in the array must have a NULL 'strptr' value, to -indicate the end of the array). The 'strings' field would be set to -'VALS(valstringname)'. - -If the field has a numeric rather than an enumerated type, the 'strings' -field would be set to NULL. - --- Extended value strings -You can also use an extended version of the value_string for faster lookups. -It requires a value_string array as input. -If all of a contiguous range of values from min to max are present in the array -in ascending order the value will be used as a direct index into a value_string array. - -If the values in the array are not contiguous (ie: there are "gaps"), but are -in ascending order a binary search will be used. - -Note: "gaps" in a value_string array can be filled with "empty" entries eg: -{value, "Unknown"} so that direct access to the array is is possible. - -Note: the value_string array values are *unsigned*; IOW: -1 is greater than 0. - So: - { -2, -1, 1, 2 }; wrong: linear search will be used (note gap) - { 1, 2, -2, -1 }; correct: binary search will be used - - As a special case: - { -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 }; OK: direct(indexed) access will be used (note no gap) - -The init macro (see below) will perform a check on the value string the first -time it is used to determine which search algorithm fits and fall back to a -linear search if the value_string does not meet the criteria above. - -Use this macro to initialize the extended value_string at compile time: - -static value_string_ext valstringname_ext = VALUE_STRING_EXT_INIT(valstringname); - -Extended value strings can be created at run time by calling - value_string_ext_new(<ptr to value_string array>, - <total number of entries in the value_string_array>, /* include {0, NULL} entry */ - <value_string_name>); - -For hf[] array FT_(U)INT* fields that need a 'valstringname_ext' struct, the -'strings' field would be set to '&valstringname_ext'. Furthermore, the 'display' -field must be ORed with 'BASE_EXT_STRING' (e.g. BASE_DEC|BASE_EXT_STRING). - - --- Ranges -If the field has a numeric type that might logically fit in ranges of values -one can use a range_string struct. - -Thus a 'range_string' structure is a way to map ranges to strings. - - typedef struct _range_string { - guint32 value_min; - guint32 value_max; - const gchar *strptr; - } range_string; - -For fields of that type, you would declare an array of "range_string"s: - - static const range_string rvalstringname[] = { - { INTVAL_MIN1, INTVALMAX1, "Descriptive String 1" }, - { INTVAL_MIN2, INTVALMAX2, "Descriptive String 2" }, - { 0, 0, NULL } - }; - -If INTVAL_MIN equals INTVAL_MAX for a given entry the range_string -behavior collapses to the one of value_string. -For FT_(U)INT* fields that need a 'range_string' struct, the 'strings' field -would be set to 'RVALS(rvalstringname)'. Furthermore, 'display' field must be -ORed with 'BASE_RANGE_STRING' (e.g. BASE_DEC|BASE_RANGE_STRING). - --- Booleans -FT_BOOLEANs have a default map of 0 = "False", 1 (or anything else) = "True". -Sometimes it is useful to change the labels for boolean values (e.g., -to "Yes"/"No", "Fast"/"Slow", etc.). For these mappings, a struct called -true_false_string is used. - - typedef struct true_false_string { - char *true_string; - char *false_string; - } true_false_string; - -For Boolean fields for which "False" and "True" aren't the desired -labels, you would declare a "true_false_string"s: - - static const true_false_string boolstringname = { - "String for True", - "String for False" - }; - -Its two fields are pointers to the string representing truth, and the -string representing falsehood. For FT_BOOLEAN fields that need a -'true_false_string' struct, the 'strings' field would be set to -'TFS(&boolstringname)'. - -If the Boolean field is to be displayed as "False" or "True", the -'strings' field would be set to NULL. - -Wireshark predefines a whole range of ready made "true_false_string"s -in tfs.h, included via packet.h. - -bitmask -------- -If the field is a bitfield, then the bitmask is the mask which will -leave only the bits needed to make the field when ANDed with a value. -The proto_tree routines will calculate 'bitshift' automatically -from 'bitmask', by finding the rightmost set bit in the bitmask. -This shift is applied before applying string mapping functions or -filtering. -If the field is not a bitfield, then bitmask should be set to 0. - -blurb ------ -This is a string giving a proper description of the field. It should be -at least one grammatically complete sentence, or NULL in which case the -name field is used. (Please do not use ""). -It is meant to provide a more detailed description of the field than the -name alone provides. This information will be used in the man page, and -in a future GUI display-filter creation tool. We might also add tooltips -to the labels in the GUI protocol tree, in which case the blurb would -be used as the tooltip text. - - -1.6.1 Field Registration. - -Protocol registration is handled by creating an instance of the -header_field_info struct (or an array of such structs), and -calling the registration function along with the registration ID of -the protocol that is the parent of the fields. Here is a complete example: - - static int proto_eg = -1; - static int hf_field_a = -1; - static int hf_field_b = -1; - - static hf_register_info hf[] = { - - { &hf_field_a, - { "Field A", "proto.field_a", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, NULL, - 0xf0, "Field A represents Apples", HFILL }}, - - { &hf_field_b, - { "Field B", "proto.field_b", FT_UINT16, BASE_DEC, VALS(vs), - 0x0, "Field B represents Bananas", HFILL }} - }; - - proto_eg = proto_register_protocol("Example Protocol", - "PROTO", "proto"); - proto_register_field_array(proto_eg, hf, array_length(hf)); - -Be sure that your array of hf_register_info structs is declared 'static', -since the proto_register_field_array() function does not create a copy -of the information in the array... it uses that static copy of the -information that the compiler created inside your array. Here's the -layout of the hf_register_info struct: - -typedef struct hf_register_info { - int *p_id; /* pointer to parent variable */ - header_field_info hfinfo; -} hf_register_info; - -Also be sure to use the handy array_length() macro found in packet.h -to have the compiler compute the array length for you at compile time. - -If you don't have any fields to register, do *NOT* create a zero-length -"hf" array; not all compilers used to compile Wireshark support them. -Just omit the "hf" array, and the "proto_register_field_array()" call, -entirely. - -It is OK to have header fields with a different format be registered with -the same abbreviation. For instance, the following is valid: - - static hf_register_info hf[] = { - - { &hf_field_8bit, /* 8-bit version of proto.field */ - { "Field (8 bit)", "proto.field", FT_UINT8, BASE_DEC, NULL, - 0x00, "Field represents FOO", HFILL }}, - - { &hf_field_32bit, /* 32-bit version of proto.field */ - { "Field (32 bit)", "proto.field", FT_UINT32, BASE_DEC, NULL, - 0x00, "Field represents FOO", HFILL }} - }; - -This way a filter expression can match a header field, irrespective of the -representation of it in the specific protocol context. This is interesting -for protocols with variable-width header fields. - -The HFILL macro at the end of the struct will set reasonable default values -for internally used fields. - -1.6.2 Adding Items and Values to the Protocol Tree. - -A protocol item is added to an existing protocol tree with one of a -handful of proto_XXX_DO_YYY() functions. - -Subtrees can be made with the proto_item_add_subtree() function: - - item = proto_tree_add_item(....); - new_tree = proto_item_add_subtree(item, tree_type); - -This will add a subtree under the item in question; a subtree can be -created under an item made by any of the "proto_tree_add_XXX" functions, -so that the tree can be given an arbitrary depth. - -Subtree types are integers, assigned by -"proto_register_subtree_array()". To register subtree types, pass an -array of pointers to "gint" variables to hold the subtree type values to -"proto_register_subtree_array()": - - static gint ett_eg = -1; - static gint ett_field_a = -1; - - static gint *ett[] = { - &ett_eg, - &ett_field_a - }; - - proto_register_subtree_array(ett, array_length(ett)); - -in your "register" routine, just as you register the protocol and the -fields for that protocol. - -The ett_ variables identify particular type of subtree so that if you expand -one of them, Wireshark keeps track of that and, when you click on -another packet, it automatically opens all subtrees of that type. -If you close one of them, all subtrees of that type will be closed when -you move to another packet. - -There are several functions that the programmer can use to add either -protocol or field labels to the proto_tree: - - proto_item* - proto_tree_add_item(tree, id, tvb, start, length, encoding); - - proto_item* - proto_tree_add_text(tree, tvb, start, length, format, ...); - - proto_item* - proto_tree_add_text_valist(tree, tvb, start, length, format, ap); - - proto_item* - proto_tree_add_none_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, format, ...); - - proto_item* - proto_tree_add_protocol_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bytes(tree, id, tvb, start, length, start_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bytes_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, start_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bytes_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - start_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_time(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_time_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_time_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipxnet(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipxnet_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipxnet_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipv4(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipv4_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipv4_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipv6(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipv6_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ipv6_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ax25(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ether(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ether_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_ether_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_guid(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_guid_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_guid_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_oid(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_oid_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_oid_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_string(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_string_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value_ptr, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_string_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value_ptr, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_unicode_string(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_boolean(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_boolean_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_boolean_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_float(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_float_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_float_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_double(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_double_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_double_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint64(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint64_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint64_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int64(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int64_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int64_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_eui64(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_eui64_format(tree, id, tvb, start, length, value, - format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_eui64_format_value(tree, id, tvb, start, length, - value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bitmask(tree, tvb, start, header, ett, fields, - encoding); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bitmask_len(tree, tvb, start, len, header, ett, fields, - encoding); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bitmask_text(tree, tvb, offset, len, name, fallback, - ett, fields, encoding, flags); - - proto_item* - proto_tree_add_bits_item(tree, id, tvb, bit_offset, no_of_bits, - encoding); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_split_bits_item_ret_val(tree, hf_index, tvb, bit_offset, - crumb_spec, return_value); - - void - proto_tree_add_split_bits_crumb(tree, hf_index, tvb, bit_offset, - crumb_spec, crumb_index); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_bits_ret_val(tree, id, tvb, bit_offset, no_of_bits, - return_value, encoding); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_uint_bits_format_value(tree, id, tvb, bit_offset, - no_of_bits, value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_boolean_bits_format_value(tree, id, tvb, bit_offset, - no_of_bits, value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_int_bits_format_value(tree, id, tvb, bit_offset, - no_of_bits, value, format, ...); - - proto_item * - proto_tree_add_float_bits_format_value(tree, id, tvb, bit_offset, - no_of_bits, value, format, ...); - -The 'tree' argument is the tree to which the item is to be added. The -'tvb' argument is the tvbuff from which the item's value is being -extracted; the 'start' argument is the offset from the beginning of that -tvbuff of the item being added, and the 'length' argument is the length, -in bytes, of the item, bit_offset is the offset in bits and no_of_bits -is the length in bits. - -The length of some items cannot be determined until the item has been -dissected; to add such an item, add it with a length of -1, and, when the -dissection is complete, set the length with 'proto_item_set_len()': - - void - proto_item_set_len(ti, length); - -The "ti" argument is the value returned by the call that added the item -to the tree, and the "length" argument is the length of the item. - -proto_tree_add_item() ---------------------- -proto_tree_add_item is used when you wish to do no special formatting. -The item added to the GUI tree will contain the name (as passed in the -proto_register_*() function) and a value. The value will be fetched -from the tvbuff by proto_tree_add_item(), based on the type of the field -and the encoding of the value as specified by the "encoding" argument. - -For FT_NONE, FT_BYTES, FT_ETHER, FT_IPv6, FT_IPXNET, FT_OID fields, -and 'protocol' fields the encoding is not relevant; the 'encoding' -argument should be ENC_NA (Not Applicable). - -For integral, floating-point, Boolean, FT_GUID, and FT_EUI64 fields, -the encoding specifies the byte order of the value; the 'encoding' -argument should be ENC_LITTLE_ENDIAN if the value is little-endian -and ENC_BIG_ENDIAN if it is big-endian. - -For FT_IPv4 fields, the encoding also specifies the byte order of the -value. In almost all cases, the encoding is in network byte order, -hence big-endian, but in at least one protocol dissected by Wireshark, -at least one IPv4 address is byte-swapped, so it's in little-endian -order. - -For string fields, the encoding specifies the character set used for the -string and the way individual code points in that character set are -encoded. For FT_UINT_STRING fields, the byte order of the count must be -specified; for UCS-2 and UTF-16, the byte order of the encoding must be -specified (for counted UCS-2 and UTF-16 strings, the byte order of the -count and the 16-bit values in the string must be the same). In other -cases, ENC_NA should be used. The character encodings that are -currently supported are: - - ENC_ASCII - ASCII (currently treated as UTF-8; in the future, - all bytes with the 8th bit set will be treated as - errors) - ENC_UTF_8 - UTF-8 - ENC_UCS_2 - UCS-2 - ENC_UTF_16 - UTF-16 (currently treated as UCS-2; in the future, - surrogate pairs will be handled, and non-valid 16-bit - code points and surrogate pairs will be treated as - errors) - ENC_EBCDIC - EBCDIC - -Other encodings will be added in the future. - -For FT_ABSOLUTE_TIME fields, the encoding specifies the form in which -the time stamp is specified, as well as its byte order. The time stamp -encodings that are currently supported are: - - ENC_TIME_TIMESPEC - seconds (4 bytes) and nanoseconds (4 bytes) - of time since January 1, 1970, midnight UTC. - - ENC_TIME_NTP - an NTP timestamp, represented as a 64-bit - unsigned fixed-point number, in seconds relative to 0h - on 1 January 1900. The integer part is in the first 32 - bits and the fraction part in the last 32 bits. - -For other types, there is no support for proto_tree_add_item(). - -Now that definitions of fields have detailed information about bitfield -fields, you can use proto_tree_add_item() with no extra processing to -add bitfield values to your tree. Here's an example. Take the Format -Identifier (FID) field in the Transmission Header (TH) portion of the SNA -protocol. The FID is the high nibble of the first byte of the TH. The -FID would be registered like this: - - name = "Format Identifier" - abbrev = "sna.th.fid" - type = FT_UINT8 - display = BASE_HEX - strings = sna_th_fid_vals - bitmask = 0xf0 - -The bitmask contains the value which would leave only the FID if bitwise-ANDed -against the parent field, the first byte of the TH. - -The code to add the FID to the tree would be; - - proto_tree_add_item(bf_tree, hf_sna_th_fid, tvb, offset, 1, - ENC_BIG_ENDIAN); - -The definition of the field already has the information about bitmasking -and bitshifting, so it does the work of masking and shifting for us! -This also means that you no longer have to create value_string structs -with the values bitshifted. The value_string for FID looks like this, -even though the FID value is actually contained in the high nibble. -(You'd expect the values to be 0x0, 0x10, 0x20, etc.) - -/* Format Identifier */ -static const value_string sna_th_fid_vals[] = { - { 0x0, "SNA device <--> Non-SNA Device" }, - { 0x1, "Subarea Node <--> Subarea Node" }, - { 0x2, "Subarea Node <--> PU2" }, - { 0x3, "Subarea Node or SNA host <--> Subarea Node" }, - { 0x4, "?" }, - { 0x5, "?" }, - { 0xf, "Adjacent Subarea Nodes" }, - { 0, NULL } -}; - -The final implication of this is that display filters work the way you'd -naturally expect them to. You'd type "sna.th.fid == 0xf" to find Adjacent -Subarea Nodes. The user does not have to shift the value of the FID to -the high nibble of the byte ("sna.th.fid == 0xf0") as was necessary -in the past. - -proto_tree_add_protocol_format() --------------------------------- -proto_tree_add_protocol_format is used to add the top-level item for the -protocol when the dissector routine wants complete control over how the -field and value will be represented on the GUI tree. The ID value for -the protocol is passed in as the "id" argument; the rest of the -arguments are a "printf"-style format and any arguments for that format. -The caller must include the name of the protocol in the format; it is -not added automatically as in proto_tree_add_item(). - -proto_tree_add_none_format() ----------------------------- -proto_tree_add_none_format is used to add an item of type FT_NONE. -The caller must include the name of the field in the format; it is -not added automatically as in proto_tree_add_item(). - -proto_tree_add_bytes() -proto_tree_add_time() -proto_tree_add_ipxnet() -proto_tree_add_ipv4() -proto_tree_add_ipv6() -proto_tree_add_ether() -proto_tree_add_string() -proto_tree_add_boolean() -proto_tree_add_float() -proto_tree_add_double() -proto_tree_add_uint() -proto_tree_add_uint64() -proto_tree_add_int() -proto_tree_add_int64() -proto_tree_add_guid() -proto_tree_add_oid() -proto_tree_add_eui64() ------------------------- -These routines are used to add items to the protocol tree if either: - - the value of the item to be added isn't just extracted from the - packet data, but is computed from data in the packet; - - the value was fetched into a variable. - -The 'value' argument has the value to be added to the tree. - -NOTE: in all cases where the 'value' argument is a pointer, a copy is -made of the object pointed to; if you have dynamically allocated a -buffer for the object, that buffer will not be freed when the protocol -tree is freed - you must free the buffer yourself when you don't need it -any more. - -For proto_tree_add_bytes(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to a -sequence of bytes. - -For proto_tree_add_bytes_format() and proto_tree_add_bytes_format_value(), the -'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to a sequence of bytes or NULL if the bytes -should be taken from the given TVB using the given offset and length. - -For proto_tree_add_time(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to an -"nstime_t", which is a structure containing the time to be added; it has -'secs' and 'nsecs' members, giving the integral part and the fractional -part of a time in units of seconds, with 'nsecs' being the number of -nanoseconds. For absolute times, "secs" is a UNIX-style seconds since -January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 GMT value. - -For proto_tree_add_ipxnet(), the 'value' argument is a 32-bit IPX -network address. - -For proto_tree_add_ipv4(), the 'value' argument is a 32-bit IPv4 -address, in network byte order. - -For proto_tree_add_ipv6(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to a -128-bit IPv6 address. - -For proto_tree_add_ether(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to a -48-bit MAC address. - -For proto_tree_add_string(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to a -text string. - -For proto_tree_add_boolean(), the 'value' argument is a 32-bit integer. -It is masked and shifted as defined by the field info after which zero -means "false", and non-zero means "true". - -For proto_tree_add_float(), the 'value' argument is a 'float' in the -host's floating-point format. - -For proto_tree_add_double(), the 'value' argument is a 'double' in the -host's floating-point format. - -For proto_tree_add_uint(), the 'value' argument is a 32-bit unsigned -integer value, in host byte order. (This routine cannot be used to add -64-bit integers.) - -For proto_tree_add_uint64(), the 'value' argument is a 64-bit unsigned -integer value, in host byte order. - -For proto_tree_add_int(), the 'value' argument is a 32-bit signed -integer value, in host byte order. (This routine cannot be used to add -64-bit integers.) - -For proto_tree_add_int64(), the 'value' argument is a 64-bit signed -integer value, in host byte order. - -For proto_tree_add_guid(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to an -e_guid_t structure. - -For proto_tree_add_oid(), the 'value_ptr' argument is a pointer to an -ASN.1 Object Identifier. - -For proto_tree_add_eui64(), the 'value' argument is a 64-bit integer -value - -proto_tree_add_bytes_format() -proto_tree_add_time_format() -proto_tree_add_ipxnet_format() -proto_tree_add_ipv4_format() -proto_tree_add_ipv6_format() -proto_tree_add_ether_format() -proto_tree_add_string_format() -proto_tree_add_boolean_format() -proto_tree_add_float_format() -proto_tree_add_double_format() -proto_tree_add_uint_format() -proto_tree_add_uint64_format() -proto_tree_add_int_format() -proto_tree_add_int64_format() -proto_tree_add_guid_format() -proto_tree_add_oid_format() -proto_tree_add_eui64_format() ----------------------------- -These routines are used to add items to the protocol tree when the -dissector routine wants complete control over how the field and value -will be represented on the GUI tree. The argument giving the value is -the same as the corresponding proto_tree_add_XXX() function; the rest of -the arguments are a "printf"-style format and any arguments for that -format. The caller must include the name of the field in the format; it -is not added automatically as in the proto_tree_add_XXX() functions. - -proto_tree_add_bytes_format_value() -proto_tree_add_time_format_value() -proto_tree_add_ipxnet_format_value() -proto_tree_add_ipv4_format_value() -proto_tree_add_ipv6_format_value() -proto_tree_add_ether_format_value() -proto_tree_add_string_format_value() -proto_tree_add_boolean_format_value() -proto_tree_add_float_format_value() -proto_tree_add_double_format_value() -proto_tree_add_uint_format_value() -proto_tree_add_uint64_format_value() -proto_tree_add_int_format_value() -proto_tree_add_int64_format_value() -proto_tree_add_guid_format_value() -proto_tree_add_oid_format_value() -proto_tree_add_eui64_format_value() ------------------------------------- - -These routines are used to add items to the protocol tree when the -dissector routine wants complete control over how the value will be -represented on the GUI tree. The argument giving the value is the same -as the corresponding proto_tree_add_XXX() function; the rest of the -arguments are a "printf"-style format and any arguments for that format. -With these routines, unlike the proto_tree_add_XXX_format() routines, -the name of the field is added automatically as in the -proto_tree_add_XXX() functions; only the value is added with the format. - -proto_tree_add_text() ---------------------- -proto_tree_add_text() is used to add a label to the GUI tree. It will -contain no value, so it is not searchable in the display filter process. -This function was needed in the transition from the old-style proto_tree -to this new-style proto_tree so that Wireshark would still decode all -protocols w/o being able to filter on all protocols and fields. -Otherwise we would have had to cripple Wireshark's functionality while we -converted all the old-style proto_tree calls to the new-style proto_tree -calls. In other words, you should not use this in new code unless you've got -a specific reason (see below). - -This can (and should only) be used for items with subtrees, which may not -have values themselves - the items in the subtree are the ones with values. -In other words, if you're using proto_tree_add_text() and not using the -return value to build a new tree, you probably shouldn't be using this -function: you probably should be using proto_tree_add_item() instead. - -For a subtree, the label on the subtree might reflect some of the items -in the subtree. This means the label can't be set until at least some -of the items in the subtree have been dissected. To do this, use -'proto_item_set_text()' or 'proto_item_append_text()': - - void - proto_item_set_text(proto_item *ti, ...); - - void - proto_item_append_text(proto_item *ti, ...); - -'proto_item_set_text()' takes as an argument the value returned by -'proto_tree_add_text()', a 'printf'-style format string, and a set of -arguments corresponding to '%' format items in that string, and replaces -the text for the item created by 'proto_tree_add_text()' with the result -of applying the arguments to the format string. - -'proto_item_append_text()' is similar, but it appends to the text for -the item the result of applying the arguments to the format string. - -For example, early in the dissection, one might do: - - ti = proto_tree_add_text(tree, tvb, offset, length, <label>); - -and later do - - proto_item_set_text(ti, "%s: %s", type, value); - -after the "type" and "value" fields have been extracted and dissected. -<label> would be a label giving what information about the subtree is -available without dissecting any of the data in the subtree. - -Note that an exception might be thrown when trying to extract the values of -the items used to set the label, if not all the bytes of the item are -available. Thus, one should create the item with text that is as -meaningful as possible, and set it or append additional information to -it as the values needed to supply that information are extracted. - -proto_tree_add_text_valist() ----------------------------- -This is like proto_tree_add_text(), but takes, as the last argument, a -'va_list'; it is used to allow routines that take a printf-like -variable-length list of arguments to add a text item to the protocol -tree. - -proto_tree_add_bits_item() --------------------------- -Adds a number of bits to the protocol tree which does not have to be byte -aligned. The offset and length is in bits. -Output format: - -..10 1010 10.. .... "value" (formatted as FT_ indicates). - -proto_tree_add_bits_ret_val() ------------------------------ -Works in the same way but also returns the value of the read bits. - -proto_tree_add_split_bits_item_ret_val() ------------------------------------ -Similar, but is used for items that are made of 2 or more smaller sets of bits (crumbs) -which are not contiguous, but are concatenated to form the actual value. The size of -the crumbs and the order of assembly are specified in an array of crumb_spec structures. - -proto_tree_add_split_bits_crumb() ---------------------------------- -Helper function for the above, to add text for each crumb as it is encountered. - -proto_tree_add_bitmask() et al. -------------------------------- -These functions provide easy to use and convenient dissection of many types of common -bitmasks into individual fields. - -header is an integer type and must be of type FT_[U]INT{8|16|24|32} and -represents the entire dissectable width of the bitmask. - -'header' and 'ett' are the hf fields and ett field respectively to create an -expansion that covers the bytes of the bitmask. - -'fields' is a NULL terminated array of pointers to hf fields representing -the individual subfields of the bitmask. These fields must either be integers -(usually of the same byte width as 'header') or of the type FT_BOOLEAN. -Each of the entries in 'fields' will be dissected as an item under the -'header' expansion and also IF the field is a boolean and IF it is set to 1, -then the name of that boolean field will be printed on the 'header' expansion -line. For integer type subfields that have a value_string defined, the -matched string from that value_string will be printed on the expansion line -as well. - -Example: (from the SCSI dissector) - static int hf_scsi_inq_peripheral = -1; - static int hf_scsi_inq_qualifier = -1; - static int hf_scsi_inq_devtype = -1; - ... - static gint ett_scsi_inq_peripheral = -1; - ... - static const int *peripheral_fields[] = { - &hf_scsi_inq_qualifier, - &hf_scsi_inq_devtype, - NULL - }; - ... - /* Qualifier and DeviceType */ - proto_tree_add_bitmask(tree, tvb, offset, hf_scsi_inq_peripheral, - ett_scsi_inq_peripheral, peripheral_fields, ENC_BIG_ENDIAN); - offset+=1; - ... - { &hf_scsi_inq_peripheral, - {"Peripheral", "scsi.inquiry.peripheral", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, - NULL, 0, NULL, HFILL}}, - { &hf_scsi_inq_qualifier, - {"Qualifier", "scsi.inquiry.qualifier", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, - VALS (scsi_qualifier_val), 0xE0, NULL, HFILL}}, - { &hf_scsi_inq_devtype, - {"Device Type", "scsi.inquiry.devtype", FT_UINT8, BASE_HEX, - VALS (scsi_devtype_val), SCSI_DEV_BITS, NULL, HFILL}}, - ... - -Which provides very pretty dissection of this one byte bitmask. - - Peripheral: 0x05, Qualifier: Device type is connected to logical unit, Device Type: CD-ROM - 000. .... = Qualifier: Device type is connected to logical unit (0x00) - ...0 0101 = Device Type: CD-ROM (0x05) - -The proto_tree_add_bitmask_text() function is an extended version of -the proto_tree_add_bitmask() function. In addition, it allows to: -- Provide a leading text (e.g. "Flags: ") that will appear before - the comma-separated list of field values -- Provide a fallback text (e.g. "None") that will be appended if - no fields warranted a change to the top-level title. -- Using flags, specify which fields will affect the top-level title. - -There are the following flags defined: - - BMT_NO_APPEND - the title is taken "as-is" from the 'name' argument. - BMT_NO_INT - only boolean flags are added to the title. - BMT_NO_FALSE - boolean flags are only added to the title if they are set. - BMT_NO_TFS - only add flag name to the title, do not use true_false_string - -The proto_tree_add_bitmask() behavior can be obtained by providing -both 'name' and 'fallback' arguments as NULL, and a flags of -(BMT_NO_FALSE|BMT_NO_TFS). - -The proto_tree_add_bitmask_len() function is intended for protocols where -bitmask length is permitted to vary, so a length is specified explicitly -along with the bitmask value. USB Video "bmControl" and "bControlSize" -fields follow this pattern. The primary intent of this is "forward -compatibility," enabling an interpreter coded for version M of a structure -to comprehend fields in version N of the structure, where N > M and -bControlSize increases from version M to version N. - -proto_tree_add_bitmask_len() is an extended version of proto_tree_add_bitmask() -that uses an explicitly specified (rather than inferred) length to control -dissection. Because of this, it may encounter two cases that -proto_tree_add_bitmask() and proto_tree_add_bitmask_text() may not: -- A length that exceeds that of the 'header' and bitmask subfields. - In this case the least-significant bytes of the bitmask are dissected. - An expert warning is generated in this case, because the dissection code - likely needs to be updated for a new revision of the protocol. -- A length that is shorter than that of the 'header' and bitmask subfields. - In this case, subfields whose data is fully present are dissected, - and other subfields are not. No warning is generated in this case, - because the dissection code is likely for a later revision of the protocol - than the packet it was called to interpret. - - -PROTO_ITEM_SET_GENERATED() --------------------------- -PROTO_ITEM_SET_GENERATED is used to mark fields as not being read from the -captured data directly, but inferred from one or more values. - -One of the primary uses of this is the presentation of verification of -checksums. Every IP packet has a checksum line, which can present the result -of the checksum verification, if enabled in the preferences. The result is -presented as a subtree, where the result is enclosed in square brackets -indicating a generated field. - - Header checksum: 0x3d42 [correct] - [Good: True] - [Bad: False] - -PROTO_ITEM_SET_HIDDEN() ------------------------ -PROTO_ITEM_SET_HIDDEN is used to hide fields, which have already been added -to the tree, from being visible in the displayed tree. - -NOTE that creating hidden fields is actually quite a bad idea from a UI design -perspective because the user (someone who did not write nor has ever seen the -code) has no way of knowing that hidden fields are there to be filtered on -thus defeating the whole purpose of putting them there. A Better Way might -be to add the fields (that might otherwise be hidden) to a subtree where they -won't be seen unless the user opens the subtree--but they can be found if the -user wants. - -One use for hidden fields (which would be better implemented using visible -fields in a subtree) follows: The caller may want a value to be -included in a tree so that the packet can be filtered on this field, but -the representation of that field in the tree is not appropriate. An -example is the token-ring routing information field (RIF). The best way -to show the RIF in a GUI is by a sequence of ring and bridge numbers. -Rings are 3-digit hex numbers, and bridges are single hex digits: - - RIF: 001-A-013-9-C0F-B-555 - -In the case of RIF, the programmer should use a field with no value and -use proto_tree_add_none_format() to build the above representation. The -programmer can then add the ring and bridge values, one-by-one, with -proto_tree_add_item() and hide them with PROTO_ITEM_SET_HIDDEN() so that the -user can then filter on or search for a particular ring or bridge. Here's a -skeleton of how the programmer might code this. - - char *rif; - rif = create_rif_string(...); - - proto_tree_add_none_format(tree, hf_tr_rif_label, ..., "RIF: %s", rif); - - for(i = 0; i < num_rings; i++) { - proto_item *pi; - - pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_tr_rif_ring, ..., - ENC_BIG_ENDIAN); - PROTO_ITEM_SET_HIDDEN(pi); - } - for(i = 0; i < num_rings - 1; i++) { - proto_item *pi; - - pi = proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_tr_rif_bridge, ..., - ENC_BIG_ENDIAN); - PROTO_ITEM_SET_HIDDEN(pi); - } - -The logical tree has these items: - - hf_tr_rif_label, text="RIF: 001-A-013-9-C0F-B-555", value = NONE - hf_tr_rif_ring, hidden, value=0x001 - hf_tr_rif_bridge, hidden, value=0xA - hf_tr_rif_ring, hidden, value=0x013 - hf_tr_rif_bridge, hidden, value=0x9 - hf_tr_rif_ring, hidden, value=0xC0F - hf_tr_rif_bridge, hidden, value=0xB - hf_tr_rif_ring, hidden, value=0x555 - -GUI or print code will not display the hidden fields, but a display -filter or "packet grep" routine will still see the values. The possible -filter is then possible: - - tr.rif_ring eq 0x013 - -PROTO_ITEM_SET_URL ------------------- -PROTO_ITEM_SET_URL is used to mark fields as containing a URL. This can only -be done with fields of type FT_STRING(Z). If these fields are presented they -are underlined, as could be done in a browser. These fields are sensitive to -clicks as well, launching the configured browser with this URL as parameter. - -1.7 Utility routines. - -1.7.1 match_strval, match_strval_ext, val_to_str and val_to_str_ext. - -A dissector may need to convert a value to a string, using a -'value_string' structure, by hand, rather than by declaring a field with -an associated 'value_string' structure; this might be used, for example, -to generate a COL_INFO line for a frame. - -'match_strval()' will do that: - - gchar* - match_strval(guint32 val, const value_string *vs) - -It will look up the value 'val' in the 'value_string' table pointed to -by 'vs', and return either the corresponding string, or NULL if the -value could not be found in the table. Note that, unless 'val' is -guaranteed to be a value in the 'value_string' table ("guaranteed" as in -"the code has already checked that it's one of those values" or "the -table handles all possible values of the size of 'val'", not "the -protocol spec says it has to be" - protocol specs do not prevent invalid -packets from being put onto a network or into a purported packet capture -file), you must check whether 'match_strval()' returns NULL, and arrange -that its return value not be dereferenced if it's NULL. 'val_to_str()' -can be used to generate a string for values not found in the table: - - gchar* - val_to_str(guint32 val, const value_string *vs, const char *fmt) - -If the value 'val' is found in the 'value_string' table pointed to by -'vs', 'val_to_str' will return the corresponding string; otherwise, it -will use 'fmt' as an 'sprintf'-style format, with 'val' as an argument, -to generate a string, and will return a pointer to that string. -You can use it in a call to generate a COL_INFO line for a frame such as - - col_add_fstr(COL_INFO, ", %s", val_to_str(val, table, "Unknown %d")); - -The match_strval_ext and val_to_str_ext functions are "extended" versions -of match_strval and val_to_str. They should be used for large value-string -arrays which contain many entries. They implement value to string conversions -which will do either a direct access or a binary search of the -value string array if possible. See "Extended Value Strings" under -section 1.6 "Constructing the protocol tree" for more information. - -See epan/value_string.h for detailed information on the various value_string -functions. - - -1.7.2 match_strrval and rval_to_str. - -A dissector may need to convert a range of values to a string, using a -'range_string' structure. - -'match_strrval()' will do that: - - gchar* - match_strrval(guint32 val, const range_string *rs) - -It will look up the value 'val' in the 'range_string' table pointed to -by 'rs', and return either the corresponding string, or NULL if the -value could not be found in the table. Please note that its base -behavior is inherited from match_strval(). - -'rval_to_str()' can be used to generate a string for values not found in -the table: - - gchar* - rval_to_str(guint32 val, const range_string *rs, const char *fmt) - -If the value 'val' is found in the 'range_string' table pointed to by -'rs', 'rval_to_str' will return the corresponding string; otherwise, it -will use 'fmt' as an 'sprintf'-style format, with 'val' as an argument, -to generate a string, and will return a pointer to that string. Please -note that its base behavior is inherited from match_strval(). - -1.8 Calling Other Dissectors. - -As each dissector completes its portion of the protocol analysis, it -is expected to create a new tvbuff of type TVBUFF_SUBSET which -contains the payload portion of the protocol (that is, the bytes -that are relevant to the next dissector). - -The syntax for creating a new TVBUFF_SUBSET is: - -next_tvb = tvb_new_subset(tvb, offset, length, reported_length) - -Where: - tvb is the tvbuff that the dissector has been working on. It - can be a tvbuff of any type. - - next_tvb is the new TVBUFF_SUBSET. - - offset is the byte offset of 'tvb' at which the new tvbuff - should start. The first byte is the 0th byte. - - length is the number of bytes in the new TVBUFF_SUBSET. A length - argument of -1 says to use as many bytes as are available in - 'tvb'. - - reported_length is the number of bytes that the current protocol - says should be in the payload. A reported_length of -1 says that - the protocol doesn't say anything about the size of its payload. - - -An example from packet-ipx.c - - -void -dissect_ipx(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree) -{ - tvbuff_t *next_tvb; - int reported_length, available_length; - - - /* Make the next tvbuff */ - -/* IPX does have a length value in the header, so calculate report_length */ - Set this to -1 if there isn't any length information in the protocol -*/ - reported_length = ipx_length - IPX_HEADER_LEN; - -/* Calculate the available data in the packet, - set this to -1 to use all the data in the tv_buffer -*/ - available_length = tvb_length(tvb) - IPX_HEADER_LEN; - -/* Create the tvbuffer for the next dissector */ - next_tvb = tvb_new_subset(tvb, IPX_HEADER_LEN, - MIN(available_length, reported_length), - reported_length); - -/* call the next dissector */ - dissector_next( next_tvb, pinfo, tree); - - -1.9 Editing Makefile.common and CMakeLists.txt to add your dissector. - -To arrange that your dissector will be built as part of Wireshark, you -must add the name of the source file for your dissector to the -'DISSECTOR_SRC' macro in the 'Makefile.common' file in the 'epan/dissectors' -directory. (Note that this is for modern versions of UNIX, so there -is no 14-character limitation on file names, and for modern versions of -Windows, so there is no 8.3-character limitation on file names.) - -If your dissector also has its own header file or files, you must add -them to the 'DISSECTOR_INCLUDES' macro in the 'Makefile.common' file in -the 'epan/dissectors' directory, so that it's included when release source -tarballs are built (otherwise, the source in the release tarballs won't -compile). - -In addition to the above, you should add your dissector source file name -to the DISSECTOR_SRC section of epan/CMakeLists.txt - - -1.10 Using the SVN source code tree. - - See <http://www.wireshark.org/develop.html> - - -1.10a Using git with the SVN source code tree. - - Install git and the git-svn package. - A probably incomplete list for various OSes of git GUIs can be found at - "http://delicious.com/matthew.mccullough/git+gui". - Run "mkdir git; cd git; git svn clone <svn-url>", e.g. if you are using - the anonymous svn tree, run - "git svn clone http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/wireshark/trunk/" - - After that, a typical workflow may look like this (from "man git-svn"): - - # Clone a repo (like git clone): - git svn clone http://svn.example.com/project/trunk - # Enter the newly cloned directory: - cd trunk - # You should be on master branch, double-check with ´git branch´ - git branch - # Do some work and commit locally to git: - git commit ... - # Something is committed to SVN, rebase your local changes against the - # latest changes in SVN: - git svn rebase - # Now commit your changes (that were committed previously using git) to SVN - # as well as automatically updating your working HEAD: - git svn dcommit - # Append svn:ignore settings to the default git exclude file: - git svn show-ignore >> .git/info/exclude - - -1.11 Submitting code for your new dissector. - - - VERIFY that your dissector code does not use prohibited or deprecated APIs - as follows: - perl <wireshark_root>/tools/checkAPIs.pl <source-filename(s)> - - - VERIFY that your dissector code does not contain any header field related - problems: - perl <wireshark_root>/tools/checkhf.pl <source-filename(s)> - - - VERIFY that your dissector code does not contain any display filter related - problems: - perl <wireshark_root>/tools/checkfiltername.pl <source-filename(s)> - - - CHECK your dissector with CppCheck (http://cppcheck.sourceforge.net/) using - Wireshark's customized configuration. This is particularly important on - Windows, since Microsoft's compiler warnings are quite thin: - ./tools/cppcheck/cppcheck.sh <source-filename(s)> - - - TEST YOUR DISSECTOR BEFORE SUBMITTING IT. - Use fuzz-test.sh and/or randpkt against your dissector. These are - described at <http://wiki.wireshark.org/FuzzTesting>. - - - Subscribe to <mailto:wireshark-dev[AT]wireshark.org> by sending an email to - <mailto:wireshark-dev-request[AT]wireshark.org?body="help"> or visiting - <http://www.wireshark.org/lists/>. - - - 'svn add' all the files of your new dissector. - - - 'svn diff' the workspace and save the result to a file. - - - Edit the diff file - remove any changes unrelated to your new dissector, - e.g. changes in config.nmake - - - Submit a bug report to the Wireshark bug database, found at - <http://bugs.wireshark.org>, qualified as an enhancement and attach your - diff file there. Set the review request flag to '?' so it will pop up in - the patch review list. - - - Create a Wiki page on the protocol at <http://wiki.wireshark.org>. - A template is provided so it is easy to setup in a consistent style. - See: <http://wiki.wireshark.org/HowToEdit> - and <http://wiki.wireshark.org/ProtocolReference> - - - If possible, add sample capture files to the sample captures page at - <http://wiki.wireshark.org/SampleCaptures>. These files are used by - the automated build system for fuzz testing. - - - If you find that you are contributing a lot to wireshark on an ongoing - basis you can request to become a committer which will allow you to - commit files to subversion directly. - -2. Advanced dissector topics. - -2.1 Introduction. - -Some of the advanced features are being worked on constantly. When using them -it is wise to check the relevant header and source files for additional details. - -2.2 Following "conversations". - -In wireshark a conversation is defined as a series of data packets between two -address:port combinations. A conversation is not sensitive to the direction of -the packet. The same conversation will be returned for a packet bound from -ServerA:1000 to ClientA:2000 and the packet from ClientA:2000 to ServerA:1000. - -2.2.1 Conversation Routines - -There are six routines that you will use to work with a conversation: -conversation_new, find_conversation, conversation_add_proto_data, -conversation_get_proto_data, conversation_delete_proto_data, -and conversation_set_dissector. - - -2.2.1.1 The conversation_init function. - -This is an internal routine for the conversation code. As such you -will not have to call this routine. Just be aware that this routine is -called at the start of each capture and before the packets are filtered -with a display filter. The routine will destroy all stored -conversations. This routine does NOT clean up any data pointers that are -passed in the conversation_add_proto_data 'data' variable. You are -responsible for this clean up if you pass a malloc'ed pointer -in this variable. - -See item 2.2.1.5 for more information about use of the 'data' pointer. - - -2.2.1.2 The conversation_new function. - -This routine will create a new conversation based upon two address/port -pairs. If you want to associate with the conversation a pointer to a -private data structure you must use the conversation_add_proto_data -function. The ptype variable is used to differentiate between -conversations over different protocols, i.e. TCP and UDP. The options -variable is used to define a conversation that will accept any destination -address and/or port. Set options = 0 if the destination port and address -are know when conversation_new is called. See section 2.4 for more -information on usage of the options parameter. - -The conversation_new prototype: - conversation_t *conversation_new(guint32 setup_frame, address *addr1, - address *addr2, port_type ptype, guint32 port1, guint32 port2, - guint options); - -Where: - guint32 setup_frame = The lowest numbered frame for this conversation - address* addr1 = first data packet address - address* addr2 = second data packet address - port_type ptype = port type, this is defined in packet.h - guint32 port1 = first data packet port - guint32 port2 = second data packet port - guint options = conversation options, NO_ADDR2 and/or NO_PORT2 - -setup_frame indicates the first frame for this conversation, and is used to -distinguish multiple conversations with the same addr1/port1 and addr2/port2 -pair that occur within the same capture session. - -"addr1" and "port1" are the first address/port pair; "addr2" and "port2" -are the second address/port pair. A conversation doesn't have source -and destination address/port pairs - packets in a conversation go in -both directions - so "addr1"/"port1" may be the source or destination -address/port pair; "addr2"/"port2" would be the other pair. - -If NO_ADDR2 is specified, the conversation is set up so that a -conversation lookup will match only the "addr1" address; if NO_PORT2 is -specified, the conversation is set up so that a conversation lookup will -match only the "port1" port; if both are specified, i.e. -NO_ADDR2|NO_PORT2, the conversation is set up so that the lookup will -match only the "addr1"/"port1" address/port pair. This can be used if a -packet indicates that, later in the capture, a conversation will be -created using certain addresses and ports, in the case where the packet -doesn't specify the addresses and ports of both sides. - -2.2.1.3 The find_conversation function. - -Call this routine to look up a conversation. If no conversation is found, -the routine will return a NULL value. - -The find_conversation prototype: - - conversation_t *find_conversation(guint32 frame_num, address *addr_a, - address *addr_b, port_type ptype, guint32 port_a, guint32 port_b, - guint options); - -Where: - guint32 frame_num = a frame number to match - address* addr_a = first address - address* addr_b = second address - port_type ptype = port type - guint32 port_a = first data packet port - guint32 port_b = second data packet port - guint options = conversation options, NO_ADDR_B and/or NO_PORT_B - -frame_num is a frame number to match. The conversation returned is where - (frame_num >= conversation->setup_frame - && frame_num < conversation->next->setup_frame) -Suppose there are a total of 3 conversations (A, B, and C) that match -addr_a/port_a and addr_b/port_b, where the setup_frame used in -conversation_new() for A, B and C are 10, 50, and 100 respectively. The -frame_num passed in find_conversation is compared to the setup_frame of each -conversation. So if (frame_num >= 10 && frame_num < 50), conversation A is -returned. If (frame_num >= 50 && frame_num < 100), conversation B is returned. -If (frame_num >= 100) conversation C is returned. - -"addr_a" and "port_a" are the first address/port pair; "addr_b" and -"port_b" are the second address/port pair. Again, as a conversation -doesn't have source and destination address/port pairs, so -"addr_a"/"port_a" may be the source or destination address/port pair; -"addr_b"/"port_b" would be the other pair. The search will match the -"a" address/port pair against both the "1" and "2" address/port pairs, -and match the "b" address/port pair against both the "2" and "1" -address/port pairs; you don't have to worry about which side the "a" or -"b" pairs correspond to. - -If the NO_ADDR_B flag was specified to "find_conversation()", the -"addr_b" address will be treated as matching any "wildcarded" address; -if the NO_PORT_B flag was specified, the "port_b" port will be treated -as matching any "wildcarded" port. If both flags are specified, i.e. -NO_ADDR_B|NO_PORT_B, the "addr_b" address will be treated as matching -any "wildcarded" address and the "port_b" port will be treated as -matching any "wildcarded" port. - - -2.2.1.4 The find_or_create_conversation function. - -This convenience function will create find an existing conversation (by calling -find_conversation()) and, if a conversation does not already exist, create a -new conversation by calling conversation_new(). - -The find_or_create_conversation prototype: - - extern conversation_t *find_or_create_conversation(packet_info *pinfo); - -Where: - packet_info *pinfo = the packet_info structure - -The frame number and the addresses necessary for find_conversation() and -conversation_new() are taken from the pinfo structure (as is commonly done) -and no 'options' are used. - - -2.2.1.5 The conversation_add_proto_data function. - -Once you have created a conversation with conversation_new, you can -associate data with it using this function. - -The conversation_add_proto_data prototype: - - void conversation_add_proto_data(conversation_t *conv, int proto, - void *proto_data); - -Where: - conversation_t *conv = the conversation in question - int proto = registered protocol number - void *data = dissector data structure - -"conversation" is the value returned by conversation_new. "proto" is a -unique protocol number created with proto_register_protocol. Protocols -are typically registered in the proto_register_XXXX section of your -dissector. "data" is a pointer to the data you wish to associate with the -conversation. "data" usually points to "se_alloc'd" memory; the -memory will be automatically freed each time a new dissection begins -and thus need not be managed (freed) by the dissector. -Using the protocol number allows several dissectors to -associate data with a given conversation. - - -2.2.1.6 The conversation_get_proto_data function. - -After you have located a conversation with find_conversation, you can use -this function to retrieve any data associated with it. - -The conversation_get_proto_data prototype: - - void *conversation_get_proto_data(conversation_t *conv, int proto); - -Where: - conversation_t *conv = the conversation in question - int proto = registered protocol number - -"conversation" is the conversation created with conversation_new. "proto" -is a unique protocol number created with proto_register_protocol, -typically in the proto_register_XXXX portion of a dissector. The function -returns a pointer to the data requested, or NULL if no data was found. - - -2.2.1.7 The conversation_delete_proto_data function. - -After you are finished with a conversation, you can remove your association -with this function. Please note that ONLY the conversation entry is -removed. If you have allocated any memory for your data (other than with se_alloc), - you must free it as well. - -The conversation_delete_proto_data prototype: - - void conversation_delete_proto_data(conversation_t *conv, int proto); - -Where: - conversation_t *conv = the conversation in question - int proto = registered protocol number - -"conversation" is the conversation created with conversation_new. "proto" -is a unique protocol number created with proto_register_protocol, -typically in the proto_register_XXXX portion of a dissector. - -2.2.1.8 The conversation_set_dissector function - -This function sets the protocol dissector to be invoked whenever -conversation parameters (addresses, port_types, ports, etc) are matched -during the dissection of a packet. - -The conversation_set_dissector prototype: - - void conversation_set_dissector(conversation_t *conversation, const dissector_handle_t handle); - -Where: - conversation_t *conv = the conversation in question - const dissector_handle_t handle = the dissector handle. - - -2.2.2 Using timestamps relative to the conversation - -There is a framework to calculate timestamps relative to the start of the -conversation. First of all the timestamp of the first packet that has been -seen in the conversation must be kept in the protocol data to be able -to calculate the timestamp of the current packet relative to the start -of the conversation. The timestamp of the last packet that was seen in the -conversation should also be kept in the protocol data. This way the -delta time between the current packet and the previous packet in the -conversation can be calculated. - -So add the following items to the struct that is used for the protocol data: - - nstime_t ts_first; - nstime_t ts_prev; - -The ts_prev value should only be set during the first run through the -packets (ie pinfo->fd->flags.visited is false). - -Next step is to use the per-packet information (described in section 2.5) -to keep the calculated delta timestamp, as it can only be calculated -on the first run through the packets. This is because a packet can be -selected in random order once the whole file has been read. - -After calculating the conversation timestamps, it is time to put them in -the appropriate columns with the function 'col_set_time' (described in -section 1.5.9). There are two columns for conversation timestamps: - -COL_REL_CONV_TIME, /* Relative time to beginning of conversation */ -COL_DELTA_CONV_TIME,/* Delta time to last frame in conversation */ - -Last but not least, there MUST be a preference in each dissector that -uses conversation timestamps that makes it possible to enable and -disable the calculation of conversation timestamps. The main argument -for this is that a higher level conversation is able to overwrite -the values of lower level conversations in these two columns. Being -able to actively select which protocols may overwrite the conversation -timestamp columns gives the user the power to control these columns. -(A second reason is that conversation timestamps use the per-packet -data structure which uses additional memory, which should be avoided -if these timestamps are not needed) - -Have a look at the differences to packet-tcp.[ch] in SVN 22966 and -SVN 23058 to see the implementation of conversation timestamps for -the tcp-dissector. - - -2.2.3 The example conversation code using wmem_file_scope memory. - -For a conversation between two IP addresses and ports you can use this as an -example. This example uses wmem_alloc() with wmem_file_scope() to allocate -memory and stores the data pointer in the conversation 'data' variable. - -/************************ Global values ************************/ - -/* define your structure here */ -typedef struct { - -} my_entry_t; - -/* Registered protocol number */ -static int my_proto = -1; - -/********************* in the dissector routine *********************/ - -/* the local variables in the dissector */ - -conversation_t *conversation; -my_entry_t *data_ptr; - - -/* look up the conversation */ - -conversation = find_conversation(pinfo->fd->num, &pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst, - pinfo->ptype, pinfo->srcport, pinfo->destport, 0); - -/* if conversation found get the data pointer that you stored */ -if (conversation) - data_ptr = (my_entry_t*)conversation_get_proto_data(conversation, my_proto); -else { - - /* new conversation create local data structure */ - - data_ptr = wmem_alloc(wmem_file_scope(), sizeof(my_entry_t)); - - /*** add your code here to setup the new data structure ***/ - - /* create the conversation with your data pointer */ - - conversation = conversation_new(pinfo->fd->num, &pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst, pinfo->ptype, - pinfo->srcport, pinfo->destport, 0); - conversation_add_proto_data(conversation, my_proto, (void *)data_ptr); -} - -/* at this point the conversation data is ready */ - -/***************** in the protocol register routine *****************/ - -my_proto = proto_register_protocol("My Protocol", "My Protocol", "my_proto"); - - -2.2.4 An example conversation code that starts at a specific frame number. - -Sometimes a dissector has determined that a new conversation is needed that -starts at a specific frame number, when a capture session encompasses multiple -conversation that reuse the same src/dest ip/port pairs. You can use the -conversation->setup_frame returned by find_conversation with -pinfo->fd->num to determine whether or not there already exists a conversation -that starts at the specific frame number. - -/* in the dissector routine */ - - conversation = find_conversation(pinfo->fd->num, &pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst, - pinfo->ptype, pinfo->srcport, pinfo->destport, 0); - if (conversation == NULL || (conversation->setup_frame != pinfo->fd->num)) { - /* It's not part of any conversation or the returned - * conversation->setup_frame doesn't match the current frame - * create a new one. - */ - conversation = conversation_new(pinfo->fd->num, &pinfo->src, - &pinfo->dst, pinfo->ptype, pinfo->srcport, pinfo->destport, - NULL, 0); - } - - -2.2.5 The example conversation code using conversation index field. - -Sometimes the conversation isn't enough to define a unique data storage -value for the network traffic. For example if you are storing information -about requests carried in a conversation, the request may have an -identifier that is used to define the request. In this case the -conversation and the identifier are required to find the data storage -pointer. You can use the conversation data structure index value to -uniquely define the conversation. - -See packet-afs.c for an example of how to use the conversation index. In -this dissector multiple requests are sent in the same conversation. To store -information for each request the dissector has an internal hash table based -upon the conversation index and values inside the request packets. - - - /* in the dissector routine */ - - /* to find a request value, first lookup conversation to get index */ - /* then used the conversation index, and request data to find data */ - /* in the local hash table */ - - conversation = find_or_create_conversation(pinfo); - - request_key.conversation = conversation->index; - request_key.service = pntohs(&rxh->serviceId); - request_key.callnumber = pntohl(&rxh->callNumber); - - request_val = (struct afs_request_val *)g_hash_table_lookup( - afs_request_hash, &request_key); - - /* only allocate a new hash element when it's a request */ - opcode = 0; - if (!request_val && !reply) - { - new_request_key = wmem_alloc(wmem_file_scope(), sizeof(struct afs_request_key)); - *new_request_key = request_key; - - request_val = wmem_alloc(wmem_file_scope(), sizeof(struct afs_request_val)); - request_val -> opcode = pntohl(&afsh->opcode); - opcode = request_val->opcode; - - g_hash_table_insert(afs_request_hash, new_request_key, - request_val); - } - - - -2.3 Dynamic conversation dissector registration. - - -NOTE: This sections assumes that all information is available to - create a complete conversation, source port/address and - destination port/address. If either the destination port or - address is know, see section 2.4 Dynamic server port dissector - registration. - -For protocols that negotiate a secondary port connection, for example -packet-msproxy.c, a conversation can install a dissector to handle -the secondary protocol dissection. After the conversation is created -for the negotiated ports use the conversation_set_dissector to define -the dissection routine. -Before we create these conversations or assign a dissector to them we should -first check that the conversation does not already exist and if it exists -whether it is registered to our protocol or not. -We should do this because it is uncommon but it does happen that multiple -different protocols can use the same socketpair during different stages of -an application cycle. By keeping track of the frame number a conversation -was started in wireshark can still tell these different protocols apart. - -The second argument to conversation_set_dissector is a dissector handle, -which is created with a call to create_dissector_handle or -register_dissector. - -create_dissector_handle takes as arguments a pointer to the dissector -function and a protocol ID as returned by proto_register_protocol; -register_dissector takes as arguments a string giving a name for the -dissector, a pointer to the dissector function, and a protocol ID. - -The protocol ID is the ID for the protocol dissected by the function. -The function will not be called if the protocol has been disabled by the -user; instead, the data for the protocol will be dissected as raw data. - -An example - - -/* the handle for the dynamic dissector * -static dissector_handle_t sub_dissector_handle; - -/* prototype for the dynamic dissector */ -static void sub_dissector(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, - proto_tree *tree); - -/* in the main protocol dissector, where the next dissector is setup */ - -/* if conversation has a data field, create it and load structure */ - -/* First check if a conversation already exists for this - socketpair -*/ - conversation = find_conversation(pinfo->fd->num, - &pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst, protocol, - src_port, dst_port, 0); - -/* If there is no such conversation, or if there is one but for - someone else's protocol then we just create a new conversation - and assign our protocol to it. -*/ - if ( (conversation == NULL) || - (conversation->dissector_handle != sub_dissector_handle) ) { - new_conv_info = wmem_alloc(wmem_file_scope(), sizeof(struct _new_conv_info)); - new_conv_info->data1 = value1; - -/* create the conversation for the dynamic port */ - conversation = conversation_new(pinfo->fd->num, - &pinfo->src, &pinfo->dst, protocol, - src_port, dst_port, new_conv_info, 0); - -/* set the dissector for the new conversation */ - conversation_set_dissector(conversation, sub_dissector_handle); - } - ... - -void -proto_register_PROTOABBREV(void) -{ - ... - - sub_dissector_handle = create_dissector_handle(sub_dissector, - proto); - - ... -} - -2.4 Dynamic server port dissector registration. - -NOTE: While this example used both NO_ADDR2 and NO_PORT2 to create a -conversation with only one port and address set, this isn't a -requirement. Either the second port or the second address can be set -when the conversation is created. - -For protocols that define a server address and port for a secondary -protocol, a conversation can be used to link a protocol dissector to -the server port and address. The key is to create the new -conversation with the second address and port set to the "accept -any" values. - -Some server applications can use the same port for different protocols during -different stages of a transaction. For example it might initially use SNMP -to perform some discovery and later switch to use TFTP using the same port. -In order to handle this properly we must first check whether such a -conversation already exists or not and if it exists we also check whether the -registered dissector_handle for that conversation is "our" dissector or not. -If not we create a new conversation on top of the previous one and set this new -conversation to use our protocol. -Since wireshark keeps track of the frame number where a conversation started -wireshark will still be able to keep the packets apart even though they do use -the same socketpair. - (See packet-tftp.c and packet-snmp.c for examples of this) - -There are two support routines that will allow the second port and/or -address to be set later. - -conversation_set_port2( conversation_t *conv, guint32 port); -conversation_set_addr2( conversation_t *conv, address addr); - -These routines will change the second address or port for the -conversation. So, the server port conversation will be converted into a -more complete conversation definition. Don't use these routines if you -want to create a conversation between the server and client and retain the -server port definition, you must create a new conversation. - - -An example - - -/* the handle for the dynamic dissector * -static dissector_handle_t sub_dissector_handle; - - ... - -/* in the main protocol dissector, where the next dissector is setup */ - -/* if conversation has a data field, create it and load structure */ - - new_conv_info = wmem_alloc(wmem_file_scope(), sizeof(struct _new_conv_info)); - new_conv_info->data1 = value1; - -/* create the conversation for the dynamic server address and port */ -/* NOTE: The second address and port values don't matter because the */ -/* NO_ADDR2 and NO_PORT2 options are set. */ - -/* First check if a conversation already exists for this - IP/protocol/port -*/ - conversation = find_conversation(pinfo->fd->num, - &server_src_addr, 0, protocol, - server_src_port, 0, NO_ADDR2 | NO_PORT_B); -/* If there is no such conversation, or if there is one but for - someone else's protocol then we just create a new conversation - and assign our protocol to it. -*/ - if ( (conversation == NULL) || - (conversation->dissector_handle != sub_dissector_handle) ) { - conversation = conversation_new(pinfo->fd->num, - &server_src_addr, 0, protocol, - server_src_port, 0, new_conv_info, NO_ADDR2 | NO_PORT2); - -/* set the dissector for the new conversation */ - conversation_set_dissector(conversation, sub_dissector_handle); - } - -2.5 Per-packet information. - -Information can be stored for each data packet that is processed by the -dissector. The information is added with the p_add_proto_data function and -retrieved with the p_get_proto_data function. The data pointers passed into -the p_add_proto_data are not managed by the proto_data routines. If you use -malloc or any other dynamic memory allocation scheme, you must release the -data when it isn't required. - -void -p_add_proto_data(frame_data *fd, int proto, void *proto_data) -void * -p_get_proto_data(frame_data *fd, int proto) - -Where: - fd - The fd pointer in the pinfo structure, pinfo->fd - proto - Protocol id returned by the proto_register_protocol call - during initialization - proto_data - pointer to the dissector data. - - -2.6 User Preferences. - -If the dissector has user options, there is support for adding these preferences -to a configuration dialog. - -You must register the module with the preferences routine with - - - module_t *prefs_register_protocol(proto_id, void (*apply_cb)(void)) - or - module_t *prefs_register_protocol_subtree(const char *subtree, int id, - void (*apply_cb)(void)); - - -Where: proto_id - the value returned by "proto_register_protocol()" when - the protocol was registered. - apply_cb - Callback routine that is called when preferences are - applied. It may be NULL, which inhibits the callback. - subtree - grouping preferences tree node name (several protocols can - be grouped under one preferences subtree) - -Then you can register the fields that can be configured by the user with these -routines - - - /* Register a preference with an unsigned integral value. */ - void prefs_register_uint_preference(module_t *module, const char *name, - const char *title, const char *description, guint base, guint *var); - - /* Register a preference with an Boolean value. */ - void prefs_register_bool_preference(module_t *module, const char *name, - const char *title, const char *description, gboolean *var); - - /* Register a preference with an enumerated value. */ - void prefs_register_enum_preference(module_t *module, const char *name, - const char *title, const char *description, gint *var, - const enum_val_t *enumvals, gboolean radio_buttons) - - /* Register a preference with a character-string value. */ - void prefs_register_string_preference(module_t *module, const char *name, - const char *title, const char *description, char **var) - - /* Register a preference with a file name (string) value. - * File name preferences are basically like string preferences - * except that the GUI gives the user the ability to browse for the - * file. - */ - void prefs_register_filename_preference(module_t *module, const char *name, - const char *title, const char *description, char **var) - - /* Register a preference with a range of unsigned integers (e.g., - * "1-20,30-40"). - */ - void prefs_register_range_preference(module_t *module, const char *name, - const char *title, const char *description, range_t *var, - guint32 max_value) - -Where: module - Returned by the prefs_register_protocol routine - name - This is appended to the name of the protocol, with a - "." between them, to construct a name that identifies - the field in the preference file; the name itself - should not include the protocol name, as the name in - the preference file will already have it. Make sure that - only lower-case ASCII letters, numbers, underscores and - dots appear in the preference name. - title - Field title in the preferences dialog - description - Comments added to the preference file above the - preference value and shown as tooltip in the GUI, or NULL - var - pointer to the storage location that is updated when the - field is changed in the preference dialog box. Note that - with string preferences the given pointer is overwritten - with a pointer to a new copy of the string during the - preference registration. The passed-in string may be - freed, but you must keep another pointer to the string - in order to free it. - base - Base that the unsigned integer is expected to be in, - see strtoul(3). - enumvals - an array of enum_val_t structures. This must be - NULL-terminated; the members of that structure are: - - a short name, to be used with the "-o" flag - it - should not contain spaces or upper-case letters, - so that it's easier to put in a command line; - - a description, which is used in the GUI (and - which, for compatibility reasons, is currently - what's written to the preferences file) - it can - contain spaces, capital letters, punctuation, - etc.; - - the numerical value corresponding to that name - and description - radio_buttons - TRUE if the field is to be displayed in the - preferences dialog as a set of radio buttons, - FALSE if it is to be displayed as an option - menu - max_value - The maximum allowed value for a range (0 is the minimum). - -An example from packet-beep.c - - - proto_beep = proto_register_protocol("Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol", - "BEEP", "beep"); - - ... - - /* Register our configuration options for BEEP, particularly our port */ - - beep_module = prefs_register_protocol(proto_beep, proto_reg_handoff_beep); - - prefs_register_uint_preference(beep_module, "tcp.port", "BEEP TCP Port", - "Set the port for BEEP messages (if other" - " than the default of 10288)", - 10, &global_beep_tcp_port); - - prefs_register_bool_preference(beep_module, "strict_header_terminator", - "BEEP Header Requires CRLF", - "Specifies that BEEP requires CRLF as a " - "terminator, and not just CR or LF", - &global_beep_strict_term); - -This will create preferences "beep.tcp.port" and -"beep.strict_header_terminator", the first of which is an unsigned -integer and the second of which is a Boolean. - -Note that a warning will pop up if you've saved such preference to the -preference file and you subsequently take the code out. The way to make -a preference obsolete is to register it as such: - -/* Register a preference that used to be supported but no longer is. */ - void prefs_register_obsolete_preference(module_t *module, - const char *name); - -2.7 Reassembly/desegmentation for protocols running atop TCP. - -There are two main ways of reassembling a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) which -spans across multiple TCP segments. The first approach is simpler, but -assumes you are running atop of TCP when this occurs (but your dissector -might run atop of UDP, too, for example), and that your PDUs consist of a -fixed amount of data that includes enough information to determine the PDU -length, possibly followed by additional data. The second method is more -generic but requires more code and is less efficient. - -2.7.1 Using tcp_dissect_pdus(). - -For the first method, you register two different dissection methods, one -for the TCP case, and one for the other cases. It is a good idea to -also have a dissect_PROTO_common function which will parse the generic -content that you can find in all PDUs which is called from -dissect_PROTO_tcp when the reassembly is complete and from -dissect_PROTO_udp (or dissect_PROTO_other). - -To register the distinct dissector functions, consider the following -example, stolen from packet-dns.c: - - dissector_handle_t dns_udp_handle; - dissector_handle_t dns_tcp_handle; - dissector_handle_t mdns_udp_handle; - - dns_udp_handle = create_dissector_handle(dissect_dns_udp, - proto_dns); - dns_tcp_handle = create_dissector_handle(dissect_dns_tcp, - proto_dns); - mdns_udp_handle = create_dissector_handle(dissect_mdns_udp, - proto_dns); - - dissector_add_uint("udp.port", UDP_PORT_DNS, dns_udp_handle); - dissector_add_uint("tcp.port", TCP_PORT_DNS, dns_tcp_handle); - dissector_add_uint("udp.port", UDP_PORT_MDNS, mdns_udp_handle); - dissector_add_uint("tcp.port", TCP_PORT_MDNS, dns_tcp_handle); - -The dissect_dns_udp function does very little work and calls -dissect_dns_common, while dissect_dns_tcp calls tcp_dissect_pdus with a -reference to a callback which will be called with reassembled data: - - static void - dissect_dns_tcp(tvbuff_t *tvb, packet_info *pinfo, proto_tree *tree) - { - tcp_dissect_pdus(tvb, pinfo, tree, dns_desegment, 2, - get_dns_pdu_len, dissect_dns_tcp_pdu); - } - -(The dissect_dns_tcp_pdu function acts similarly to dissect_dns_udp.) -The arguments to tcp_dissect_pdus are: - - the tvbuff pointer, packet_info pointer, and proto_tree pointer - passed to the dissector; - - a gboolean flag indicating whether desegmentation is enabled for - your protocol; - - the number of bytes of PDU data required to determine the length - of the PDU; - - a routine that takes as arguments a packet_info pointer, a tvbuff - pointer and an offset value representing the offset into the tvbuff - at which a PDU begins and should return - *without* throwing an - exception (it is guaranteed that the number of bytes specified by the - previous argument to tcp_dissect_pdus is available, but more data - might not be available, so don't refer to any data past that) - the - total length of the PDU, in bytes; - - a routine to dissect the pdu that's passed a tvbuff pointer, - packet_info pointer, and proto_tree pointer, with the tvbuff - containing a possibly-reassembled PDU. (The "reported_length" - of the tvbuff will be the length of the PDU). - -2.7.2 Modifying the pinfo struct. - -The second reassembly mode is preferred when the dissector cannot determine -how many bytes it will need to read in order to determine the size of a PDU. -It may also be useful if your dissector needs to support reassembly from -protocols other than TCP. - -Your dissect_PROTO will initially be passed a tvbuff containing the payload of -the first packet. It should dissect as much data as it can, noting that it may -contain more than one complete PDU. If the end of the provided tvbuff coincides -with the end of a PDU then all is well and your dissector can just return as -normal. (If it is a new-style dissector, it should return the number of bytes -successfully processed.) - -If the dissector discovers that the end of the tvbuff does /not/ coincide with -the end of a PDU, (ie, there is half of a PDU at the end of the tvbuff), it can -indicate this to the parent dissector, by updating the pinfo struct. The -desegment_offset field is the offset in the tvbuff at which the dissector will -continue processing when next called. The desegment_len field should contain -the estimated number of additional bytes required for completing the PDU. Next -time your dissect_PROTO is called, it will be passed a tvbuff composed of the -end of the data from the previous tvbuff together with desegment_len more bytes. - -If the dissector cannot tell how many more bytes it will need, it should set -desegment_len=DESEGMENT_ONE_MORE_SEGMENT; it will then be called again as soon -as any more data becomes available. Dissectors should set the desegment_len to a -reasonable value when possible rather than always setting -DESEGMENT_ONE_MORE_SEGMENT as it will generally be more efficient. Also, you -*must not* set desegment_len=1 in this case, in the hope that you can change -your mind later: once you return a positive value from desegment_len, your PDU -boundary is set in stone. - -static hf_register_info hf[] = { - {&hf_cstring, - {"C String", "c.string", FT_STRING, BASE_NONE, NULL, 0x0, - NULL, HFILL} - } - }; - -/** -* Dissect a buffer containing ASCII C strings. -* -* @param tvb The buffer to dissect. -* @param pinfo Packet Info. -* @param tree The protocol tree. -**/ -static void dissect_cstr(tvbuff_t * tvb, packet_info * pinfo, proto_tree * tree) -{ - guint offset = 0; - while(offset < tvb_reported_length(tvb)) { - gint available = tvb_reported_length_remaining(tvb, offset); - gint len = tvb_strnlen(tvb, offset, available); - - if( -1 == len ) { - /* we ran out of data: ask for more */ - pinfo->desegment_offset = offset; - pinfo->desegment_len = DESEGMENT_ONE_MORE_SEGMENT; - return; - } - - col_set_str(pinfo->cinfo, COL_INFO, "C String"); - - len += 1; /* Add one for the '\0' */ - - if (tree) { - proto_tree_add_item(tree, hf_cstring, tvb, offset, len, - ENC_ASCII|ENC_NA); - } - offset += (guint)len; - } - - /* if we get here, then the end of the tvb coincided with the end of a - string. Happy days. */ -} - -This simple dissector will repeatedly return DESEGMENT_ONE_MORE_SEGMENT -requesting more data until the tvbuff contains a complete C string. The C string -will then be added to the protocol tree. Note that there may be more -than one complete C string in the tvbuff, so the dissection is done in a -loop. - -2.8 ptvcursors. - -The ptvcursor API allows a simpler approach to writing dissectors for -simple protocols. The ptvcursor API works best for protocols whose fields -are static and whose format does not depend on the value of other fields. -However, even if only a portion of your protocol is statically defined, -then that portion could make use of ptvcursors. - -The ptvcursor API lets you extract data from a tvbuff, and add it to a -protocol tree in one step. It also keeps track of the position in the -tvbuff so that you can extract data again without having to compute any -offsets --- hence the "cursor" name of the API. - -The three steps for a simple protocol are: - 1. Create a new ptvcursor with ptvcursor_new() - 2. Add fields with multiple calls of ptvcursor_add() - 3. Delete the ptvcursor with ptvcursor_free() - -ptvcursor offers the possibility to add subtrees in the tree as well. It can be -done in very simple steps : - 1. Create a new subtree with ptvcursor_push_subtree(). The old subtree is - pushed in a stack and the new subtree will be used by ptvcursor. - 2. Add fields with multiple calls of ptvcursor_add(). The fields will be - added in the new subtree created at the previous step. - 3. Pop the previous subtree with ptvcursor_pop_subtree(). The previous - subtree is again used by ptvcursor. -Note that at the end of the parsing of a packet you must have popped each -subtree you pushed. If it's not the case, the dissector will generate an error. - -To use the ptvcursor API, include the "ptvcursor.h" file. The PGM dissector -is an example of how to use it. You don't need to look at it as a guide; -instead, the API description here should be good enough. - -2.8.1 ptvcursor API. - -ptvcursor_t* -ptvcursor_new(proto_tree* tree, tvbuff_t* tvb, gint offset) - This creates a new ptvcursor_t object for iterating over a tvbuff. -You must call this and use this ptvcursor_t object so you can use the -ptvcursor API. - -proto_item* -ptvcursor_add(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, int hf, gint length, const guint encoding) - This will extract 'length' bytes from the tvbuff and place it in -the proto_tree as field 'hf', which is a registered header_field. The -pointer to the proto_item that is created is passed back to you. Internally, -the ptvcursor advances its cursor so the next call to ptvcursor_add -starts where this call finished. The 'encoding' parameter is relevant for -certain type of fields (See above under proto_tree_add_item()). - -proto_item* -ptvcursor_add_no_advance(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, int hf, gint length, const guint encoding) - Like ptvcursor_add, but does not advance the internal cursor. - -void -ptvcursor_advance(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, gint length) - Advances the internal cursor without adding anything to the proto_tree. - -void -ptvcursor_free(ptvcursor_t* ptvc) - Frees the memory associated with the ptvcursor. You must call this -after your dissection with the ptvcursor API is completed. - - -proto_tree* -ptvcursor_push_subtree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, proto_item* it, gint ett_subtree) - Pushes the current subtree in the tree stack of the cursor, creates a new -one and sets this one as the working tree. - -void -ptvcursor_pop_subtree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc); - Pops a subtree in the tree stack of the cursor - -proto_tree* -ptvcursor_add_with_subtree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, int hfindex, gint length, - const guint encoding, gint ett_subtree); - Adds an item to the tree and creates a subtree. -If the length is unknown, length may be defined as SUBTREE_UNDEFINED_LENGTH. -In this case, at the next pop, the item length will be equal to the advancement -of the cursor since the creation of the subtree. - -proto_tree* -ptvcursor_add_text_with_subtree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, gint length, - gint ett_subtree, const char* format, ...); - Add a text node to the tree and create a subtree. -If the length is unknown, length may be defined as SUBTREE_UNDEFINED_LENGTH. -In this case, at the next pop, the item length will be equal to the advancement -of the cursor since the creation of the subtree. - -2.8.2 Miscellaneous functions. - -tvbuff_t* -ptvcursor_tvbuff(ptvcursor_t* ptvc) - Returns the tvbuff associated with the ptvcursor. - -gint -ptvcursor_current_offset(ptvcursor_t* ptvc) - Returns the current offset. - -proto_tree* -ptvcursor_tree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc) - Returns the proto_tree associated with the ptvcursor. - -void -ptvcursor_set_tree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, proto_tree *tree) - Sets a new proto_tree for the ptvcursor. - -proto_tree* -ptvcursor_set_subtree(ptvcursor_t* ptvc, proto_item* it, gint ett_subtree); - Creates a subtree and adds it to the cursor as the working tree but does -not save the old working tree. - -2.9 Optimizations - -A protocol dissector may be called in 2 different ways - with, or -without a non-null "tree" argument. - -If the proto_tree argument is null, Wireshark does not need to use -the protocol tree information from your dissector, and therefore is -passing the dissector a null "tree" argument so that it doesn't -need to do work necessary to build the protocol tree. - -In the interest of speed, if "tree" is NULL, avoid building a -protocol tree and adding stuff to it, or even looking at any packet -data needed only if you're building the protocol tree, if possible. - -Note, however, that you must fill in column information, create -conversations, reassemble packets, do calls to "expert" functions, -build any other persistent state needed for dissection, and call -subdissectors regardless of whether "tree" is NULL or not. - -This might be inconvenient to do without doing most of the -dissection work; the routines for adding items to the protocol tree -can be passed a null protocol tree pointer, in which case they'll -return a null item pointer, and "proto_item_add_subtree()" returns -a null tree pointer if passed a null item pointer, so, if you're -careful not to dereference any null tree or item pointers, you can -accomplish this by doing all the dissection work. This might not -be as efficient as skipping that work if you're not building a -protocol tree, but if the code would have a lot of tests whether -"tree" is null if you skipped that work, you might still be better -off just doing all that work regardless of whether "tree" is null -or not. - -Note also that there is no guarantee, the first time the dissector is -called, whether "tree" will be null or not; your dissector must work -correctly, building or updating whatever state information is -necessary, in either case. - /* * Editor modelines - http://www.wireshark.org/tools/modelines.html * |