path: root/src/Terrain.java

import java.awt.Color;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.ByteOrder;
import javax.media.opengl.GL;
import javax.media.opengl.GL2;
import static javax.media.opengl.GL2.*;
import robotrace.Vector;

/**
 * Implementation of the terrain.
 */
class Terrain extends BetterBase {

    /**
     * The display list containing the terrain.
     */
    private int terrainDisplayList;
    /**
     * The array containing the height map of the terrain.
     */
    private float[][] heightMap;
    /**
     * The array containing all vertex normals of the terrain.
     */
    private Vector[][] normalMap;

    /**
     * Can be used to set up a display list.
     */
    public Terrain() {
        this.terrainDisplayList = 0;
        this.heightMap = new float[41][41];
        this.normalMap = new Vector[41][41];

        // Fill the height map array
        for (int y = 0; y < 41; y++) {
            for (int x = 0; x < 41; x++) {
                heightMap[x][y] = heightAt(x, y);
            }
        }

        // Fill the normal map array
        for (int y = 0; y < 40; y++) {
            for (int x = 0; x < 40; x++) {
                /* Check (if possible!) what the height of the left vertex is
                 * and subtract it with the height of right neighbor.
                 * 
                 * Do the same for the top and bottom neightbors.
                 * 
                 * For the border cases, multiply by two to compensate for the 
                 * result.
                 * 
                 * Use two for the up axis so it is averaged. 
                 * 
                 * Finally update the normalMap array with the new normal vector.
                 */
                float xComponent = heightAt(x > 0 ? x - 1 : x, y)
                        - heightAt(x < 40 - 1 ? x + 1 : x, y);
                float yComponent = heightAt(x, y > 0 ? y - 1 : y)
                        - heightAt(x, y < 40 - 1 ? y + 1 : y);

                if (x == 0 || x == 40 - 1) {
                    xComponent *= 2;
                }

                if (y == 0 || y == 40 - 1) {
                    yComponent *= 2;
                }

                normalMap[x][y] = new Vector(xComponent, yComponent, 2).normalized();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Create the terrain and store all calls in a display list
     * terrainDisplayList, so drawing the terrain is more efficient.
     */
    public void createTerrain() {
        /*/ Load textures first
        Color[] sand = new Color[1];
        Color[] water = new Color[1];
        Color[] grass = new Color[1];
        
        sand[0] = new Color(255, 242, 0);
        water[0] = new Color(0, 0, 255);
        grass[0] = new Color(0, 255, 0);
        
        int sandTextureID = create1DTexture(gl, sand);
        int waterTextureID = create1DTexture(gl, water);
        int grassTextureID = create1DTexture(gl, grass); */
        
        // Create display list
        this.terrainDisplayList = gl.glGenLists(1);

        gl.glNewList(terrainDisplayList, GL2.GL_COMPILE);

        // Create all points of the terrain based on the heightAt function
        for (int y = -20; y < 20; y++) {
            gl.glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);

            for (int x = -20; x < 20; x++) {
                // Normalize values
                int arrayX = x + 20;
                int arrayY = y + 20;

                /*
                 * Determine texture, if 0 < height <= 0.5 then the ground will
                 * be yellow. If height < 0 then the ground will be blue.
                 * And if otherwise the ground will be green.
                 */
                float height = heightMap[arrayX][arrayY];

                if (height > 0 && height <= 0.5f) {
                    // Sand
                    //gl.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, sandTextureID);
                    gl.glColor3f(255 / 255.0f, 242 / 255.0f, 0);
                } else if (height < 0) {
                    // Water
                    //gl.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, waterTextureID);
                    gl.glColor3f(0, 0, 255 / 250.0f);
                } else {
                    // Grass
                    //gl.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, grassTextureID);
                    gl.glColor3f(0, 255 / 255.0f, 0);
                }

                // Create all vertices
                Vector pointA = new Vector(x, y, heightMap[arrayX][arrayY]);
                Vector pointB = new Vector(x + 1, y, heightMap[arrayX + 1][arrayY]);
                Vector pointC = new Vector(x, y + 1, heightMap[arrayX][arrayY + 1]);
                Vector pointD = new Vector(x + 1, y + 1, heightMap[arrayX + 1][arrayY + 1]);

                // Draw the vertices and their normals
                glNormal(normalMap[arrayX][arrayY]);
                
                // Set the color
                //gl.glTexCoord1f(1);
               
                // Draw the vertices
                glVertex(pointA);
                glVertex(pointB);
                glVertex(pointC);
                glVertex(pointD);
                
                //unbindTextures();
            }

            gl.glEnd();
        }

        // Add water to the terrain at z = 0
        gl.glBegin(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP);

        Vector pointA = new Vector(-20, 20, 0);
        Vector pointB = new Vector(-20, -20, 0);
        Vector pointC = new Vector(20, 20, 0);
        Vector pointD = new Vector(20, -20, 0);

        gl.glColor4f(100f, 100f, 100f, 0.5f);

        glVertex(pointA);
        glVertex(pointB);
        glVertex(pointC);
        glVertex(pointD);

        gl.glEnd();

        gl.glEndList();

        System.out.println("Terrain created");
    }

    /**
     * Creates a normal vector based on three input vectors, for example an
     * triangle.
     *
     * @param v1 Vector 1
     * @param v2 Vector 2
     * @param v3 Vector 3
     * @return
     */
    private Vector calculateNormal(Vector v1, Vector v2, Vector v3) {
        Vector firstVector = v2.add(v1.scale(-1));
        Vector secondVector = v3.add(v1.scale(-1));

        return firstVector.cross(secondVector).normalized();
    }

    /**
     * Draws the terrain.
     */
    public void draw() {
        gl.glCallList(terrainDisplayList);
    }

    /**
     * Computes the elevation of the terrain at ({@code x}, {@code y}).
     */
    public final float heightAt(float x, float y) {
        float height = (float) (0.6f * Math.cos(0.3f * x + 0.2f * y) + 0.4f
                * Math.cos(x - 0.5f * y));

        return height;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new 1D - texture.
     *
     * @param gl
     * @param colors
     * @return the texture ID for the generated texture.
     */
    public int create1DTexture(GL2 gl, Color[] colors) {
        gl.glDisable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
        gl.glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_1D);
        int[] texid = new int[]{-1};
        gl.glGenTextures(1, texid, 0);
        ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(colors.length * 4).order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder());
        for (Color color : colors) {
            int pixel = color.getRGB();
            bb.put((byte) ((pixel >> 16) & 0xFF)); // Red component
            bb.put((byte) ((pixel >> 8) & 0xFF));  // Green component
            bb.put((byte) (pixel & 0xFF));         // Blue component
            bb.put((byte) ((pixel >> 24) & 0xFF)); // Alpha component
        }
        bb.flip();
        gl.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, texid[0]);
        gl.glTexImage1D(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0, GL_RGBA8, colors.length, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, bb);
        gl.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        gl.glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_1D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
        gl.glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_1D, 0);
        return texid[0];
    }
}